Abstract
Four sets of copolymeric additives were synthesized via copolymerization of dialkyl fumarates and dialkyl maleates with vinyl acetate (VAc) and vinylpyrrolidone (VP) monomers. The dialkyl esters were prepared by the esterification of maleic and fumaric acids with a series of n-alkanol having an increasing number of carbon atoms to produce two groups of diesters. The completion of the esterification reaction was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. The molecular weights of the prepared esters and copolymers were determined and the influences of different parameters on the molecular weight of the produced copolymers were discussed. The efficiency of the prepared copolymers as viscosity index and flow improvers (pour point depressants) was investigated. It has been found that the dialkyl ester/VP copolymers are more efficient as viscosity index improvers than the dialkyl ester/VAc copolymers. On the other hand, it has been found that the copolymers based on didodecyl fumarate/VAc are the most effective pour point depressants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. A. Gupta, K. K. Swami, D. T. Wakade, A. K. Misra and A. K. Bhatnagar, 6th LAWPSP Symposium, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, January 1989.
W. L. Chiang, 4th Seminar, Misr Petroleum Co., Cairo, March 1983.
T. R. Dryden, D. B. William and L. Kenneth, Eur. Pat. EP 061,894, A2 (1982) (Chem. Abstr., 98, 75217h (1983)).
N. Feldman, Eur. Pat. EP 0,465,042, A1 (1991) (Chem. Abstr., 117, 52256s (1992)).
N. Feldman, J. Ryer and M. F. Dooley, U.S. Pat. 4,210,424, A 1 (1981) (Chem. Abstr., 97, 112451g (1982)).
H. Pennewiss and C. Auschra, Proceedings 9th International Colloquium, Esslingen, Germany, January 1994.
C. A. Redfarn and J. Bedford, Experimental plastics, Interscience Publishers Inc., 1960.
K. Van Nes and H. A. Van Western, Aspects of the constitution of mineral oils, Elsevier Publ. Co., New York, 1951.
W. R. Sorenson and T. W. Campbell, Preparative Method of Polymer Chemistry, Interscience, New York, p. 155, 1968.
A. A. Abdel-Azim, H. Tenhu, J. Merta and F. Sundholm, Polymer J., 25, 671 (1963).
A. A. Abdel-Azim, H. Tenhu, J. Merta and F. Sundholm, Polymer Bull., 29, 461 (1992).
A. A. Abdel-Azim, E. S. Nasr and M. S. Farahat, Polymer J., 26, 423 (1994).
A. M. Rasha, M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, p. 120 (1995})
A. A. Abdel-Azim, Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 14, 339 (1993).
A. A. Abdel-Azim, Polym. Bull., 30, 579 (1993).
A. A. Abdel-Azim, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 195 (1994) 159.
Abdel-Azim A.A., Macromol. Rapid Commun., 15, 183 (1994).
I. A. Attia, M. S. Abdel-Halim and A. A. Abdel-Azim, Polym. Bull., 34, 377 (1995).
J. A. Moore and D. L. Dalrymple, Experimental Methods in Organic Chemistry, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia-London-Toronto, 1976.
F. W. Jr. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 2nd Edn. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1971.
P. Munk, Introduction to Macromolecular Science, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
G. Gavlin, E. A. Swire and S. Jr. Jones, Ind. Eng. Chem., 45, 2327 (1953).
L. E. Lorensen, Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting, Sep. 9–14, Petroleum Div. Preprints, 7(4-B), B 61(1962).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdel-Azim, AA.A., Abdel-Aziem, R.M. Polymeric additives for improving the flow properties and viscosity index of lubricating oils. J Polym Res 8, 111–118 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0140-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0140-x