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Developmental Trajectories of Parental Self-Efficacy as Children Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries: Latent Growth Curve Analyses

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Abstract

Little is known about the developmental trajectories of parental self-efficacy as children transition into adolescence. This study examined parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers over 3 1/2 years representing this transition, and whether the level and developmental trajectory of parental self-efficacy varied by cultural group. Data were drawn from three waves of the Parenting Across Cultures (PAC) project, a large-scale longitudinal, cross-cultural study, and included 1178 mothers and 1041 fathers of children who averaged 9.72 years of age at T1 (51.2% girls). Parents were from nine countries (12 ethnic/cultural groups), which were categorized into those with a predominant collectivistic (i.e., China, Kenya, Philippines, Thailand, Colombia, and Jordan) or individualistic (i.e., Italy, Sweden, and USA) cultural orientation based on Hofstede’s Individualism Index (Hofstede Insights, 2021). Latent growth curve analyses supported the hypothesis that parental self-efficacy would decline as children transition into adolescence only for parents from more individualistic countries; parental self-efficacy increased over the same years among parents from more collectivistic countries. Secondary exploratory analyses showed that some demographic characteristics predicted the level and trajectory of parental self-efficacy differently for parents in more individualistic and more collectivistic countries. Results suggest that declines in parental self-efficacy documented in previous research are culturally influenced.

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Data Sharing and Declaration

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from J.L. on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to the parents who participated in this study, and the research teams that assisted in recruitment and data collection.

Funding

This research was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grant RO1-HD054805 and Fogarty International Center grant RO3-TW008141. This research also was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Grant P30 DA023026, the Intramural Research Program of the NIH/NICHD, USA, and an International Research Fellowship at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK, funded by the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 695300-HKADeC-ERC-2015-AdG).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Christy M. Buchanan

  2. Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden

    Terese Glatz

  3. Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey

    Şule Selçuk

  4. Duke University, Durham, NC, USA

    Ann T. Skinner, Jennifer E. Lansford & Kenneth A. Dodge

  5. Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Suha M. Al-Hassan

  6. Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

    Suha M. Al-Hassan

  7. University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

    Dario Bacchini

  8. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Marc H. Bornstein

  9. UNICEF, New York City, NY, USA

    Marc H. Bornstein

  10. Institute for Fiscal Studies, London, UK

    Marc H. Bornstein

  11. University of Macau, Macau, China

    Lei Chang

  12. University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA

    Kirby Deater-Deckard

  13. Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy

    Laura Di Giunta & Concetta Pastorelli

  14. University West, Trollhättan, Sweden

    Sevtap Gurdal & Emma Sorbring

  15. Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Qin Liu

  16. Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China

    Qian Long

  17. Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya

    Paul Oburu

  18. Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand

    Sombat Tapanya & Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong

  19. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Laurence Steinberg

  20. King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Laurence Steinberg

  21. Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín, Colombia

    Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado

  22. Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines

    Liane Peña Alampay

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Contributions

C.M.B. conceptualized this paper, drafted the Introduction and Discussion, and contributed to the writing of the Method and Results; T.G. performed statistical analyses, drafted the Method and Results, and contributed to the writing of the Introduction and Discussion; Ş.S. performed statistical analyses, drafted the Method and Results, and contributed to the writing of the Introduction and Discussion; A.T.S. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; J.E.L. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; S.M.A. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; D.B. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; M.H.B. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; L.C. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; K.D. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; L.D. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; K.A.D. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; S.G. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; Q.L. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; Q.L. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; P.O. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; C.P. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; E.S. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; S.T. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; L.S. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; L.M.U.T. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; S.Y. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript; L.P.A. participated in the design and coordination of the study and provided critical feedback on the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christy M. Buchanan.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Each site adhered to local research with human subjects regulations; the protocol was approved by the Duke University IRB (protocol number 2017-1191; Parent Behavior and Child Adjustment Across Cultures), as well as by ethics review boards at the other cooperating universities.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Buchanan, C.M., Glatz, T., Selçuk, Ş. et al. Developmental Trajectories of Parental Self-Efficacy as Children Transition to Adolescence in Nine Countries: Latent Growth Curve Analyses. J. Youth Adolescence 53, 1047–1065 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-023-01899-z

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