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“That’s Not What I Heard!”: Adolescent Internalizing, Negative Perceptions of Maternal Communication, and Felt Shame and Guilt

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Abstract

Adolescents with internalizing problems are more prone to feelings of guilt and shame, experience more guilt-induction, and report more negative parenting, but little is known about the way these processes are associated nor the extent to which they occur within real-time parent-adolescent interactions. The current study sought to clarify these links by investigating whether negatively biased perceptions of maternal communication mediate links between adolescent internalizing symptoms and their feelings of guilt, shame, and guilt-induction during real-time mother-adolescent discussions. One hundred twenty-three mother-adolescent dyads participated in the study. These dyads were moderately diverse in both race/ethnicity (53% White, 29% Black, 12% Hispanic) and family income (26% earned less than $30,000/year, 22% earned more than $100,000/year) and included adolescents who ranged in age from 12 to 17 (Mage = 13.99) and were approximately half female (54%). Mothers and adolescents engaged in lab discussions about issues of conflict and guilt and rated mothers’ positive and negative communication during the tasks; observers rated these same behaviors. Adolescents also reported on their general internalizing symptoms prior to the discussions and feelings of guilt, shame, and experienced guilt induction following each discussion task. Structural equation models, parceling out shared and unique perceptions of maternal communication behaviors, showed that adolescents with more internalizing symptoms reported greater feelings of shame and perceived maternal guilt-induction following the discussion, and that these associations were mediated by adolescents’ unique perceptions of more maternal negativity. These findings highlight the potential role of cognitive biases in perpetuating established associations among adolescent internalizing symptoms, shame, and parental guilt-induction.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the families in the Tampa Bay area who participated in the study as well as the research assistants who helped with data collection, observational coding, and the initial literature review namely: Samantha Bryan, Ashley Chapman, Chandler Cone, Alexandria Corona, Claire Kinney, Adam Lashley, Arby Mariano, Jennifer Ramsdell, Anna Rosenblatt, and Candace Smith. We would also like to particularly thank Lovia Feliscar, the graduate student who supervised data collection and coding.

Authors’ Contributions

WR conceived of and designed the study, performed statistical analyses and interpretation, as well as drafted and revised the manuscript; SF assisted with drafting and revising the manuscript; CE provided support with revising the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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This study was supported by an internal research award from the [university blinded for review] to the first author.

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The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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  1. University of South Florida, St. Petersburg campus, St. Petersburg, FL, USA

    Wendy M. Rote, Savannah R. Flak & Cassandra Ellison

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  1. Wendy M. Rote
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Correspondence to Wendy M. Rote.

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All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the university ethics review board and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study (Pro#00028494) was approved by the [university blinded for review] Institutional Review Board prior to data collection.

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Rote, W.M., Flak, S.R. & Ellison, C. “That’s Not What I Heard!”: Adolescent Internalizing, Negative Perceptions of Maternal Communication, and Felt Shame and Guilt. J Youth Adolescence 50, 1693–1708 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01458-4

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