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Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Emotion Dysregulation, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury Engagement in Young Adults: An Application of Self-Determination Theory

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Abstract

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a public health concern that affects young adults at alarming rates. The present study examines the role of satisfaction of self-determination theory’s three basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in young adults’ NSSI engagement. University students who reported ever having engaged in NSSI (n = 40, 85 % female; Mage = 20.10, SD = 1.66) reported significantly lower levels of the satisfaction of all three needs, as well as more difficulties with all aspects of emotion regulation (non-acceptance of emotional responses, difficulty engaging in goal directed behavior, impulse control, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to regulation strategies, lack of emotional clarity), compared to students with no history of NSSI (n = 46, 91 % female; Mage = 19.79, SD = 1.37). Results of a logistic regression analysis revealed that need satisfaction added to the prediction of NSSI group membership after controlling for the effects of emotion regulation. Satisfaction of the need for competence and limited access to emotion regulation strategies accounted for significant variance in NSSI in the final model. The findings suggest that self-determination theory may be a useful framework under which to conceptualize NSSI and that the need for competence may be particularly salient for University students.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Author Contributions

A.E. conceived of the study and drafted the manuscript. N.H. managed the participant recruitment, data collection, and acted in a supervisor rule to A.E. helping to formulate ideas. D.M. helped with the data analysis and provided edits of drafts of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish St, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada

    A. Ann Emery, Nancy L. Heath & Devin J. Mills

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  1. A. Ann Emery
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  2. Nancy L. Heath
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  3. Devin J. Mills
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Correspondence to A. Ann Emery.

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All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of McGill University and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Emery, A.A., Heath, N.L. & Mills, D.J. Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Emotion Dysregulation, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury Engagement in Young Adults: An Application of Self-Determination Theory. J Youth Adolescence 45, 612–623 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-015-0405-y

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