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Bullies, Gangs, Drugs, and School: Understanding the Overlap and the Role of Ethnicity and Urbanicity

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Abstract

Recent media attention has increased interest in behavioral, mental health, and academic correlates of involvement in bullying. Yet, there has not been much interest in investigating the co-occurrence of other health-risk behaviors, such as gang membership, weapon carrying, and substance use. The potential influence of contextual factors, such as youth ethnicity, urbanicity, and school characteristics, also has been overlooked in previous research. The current study examined different subtypes of involvement in bullying—as primarily a victim, as primarily a bully, as both a victim and bully, and no involvement—and the association with significant health-risk behaviors, including engaging in violence and substance use, as well as academic problems. The analyses use self-report data from 16,302 adolescents (50.3 % female, 62.2 % Caucasian, 37.8 % African American) enrolled in 52 high schools. A series of three-level HLM analyses revealed that bullies and bully/victims were generally at greatest of risk of being involved in violence, engaging in multiple types of substance use, and having academic problems. These findings extend prior research by emphasizing a potential link between involvement in bullying and multiple health-risk behaviors, particularly among urban and African American high school youth.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Education and William T. Grant Foundation awarded to Catherine Bradshaw of Johns Hopkins University. We would like to thank the Maryland State Department of Education and Sheppard Pratt Health System for their support of this research through the Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools Project.

CB conceived of the study, received funding for the study, participated in the coordination of the study, including the design and measurement; TW performed the statistical analysis and participated in the interpretation of the data; AG participated in the analysis and interpretation of the data; SLJ participated in the coordination of the study, including the design and measurement. All authors contributed to the conceptualization of the study, helped to draft the manuscript, and read and approved the final manuscript.

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  1. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins Center for the Prevention of Youth Violence, 624 N. Broadway, 839, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Catherine P. Bradshaw, Tracy Evian Waasdorp & Asha Goldweber

  2. Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sarah Lindstrom Johnson

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  1. Catherine P. Bradshaw
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  2. Tracy Evian Waasdorp
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  4. Sarah Lindstrom Johnson
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Correspondence to Catherine P. Bradshaw.

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Bradshaw, C.P., Waasdorp, T.E., Goldweber, A. et al. Bullies, Gangs, Drugs, and School: Understanding the Overlap and the Role of Ethnicity and Urbanicity. J Youth Adolescence 42, 220–234 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9863-7

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