Abstract
Consider random k-circulants A k,n with n→∞,k=k(n) and whose input sequence {a l } l≥0 is independent with mean zero and variance one and \(\sup_{n}n^{-1}\sum_{l=1}^{n}\mathbb{E}|a_{l}|^{2+\delta}<\infty\) for some δ>0. Under suitable restrictions on the sequence {k(n)} n≥1, we show that the limiting spectral distribution (LSD) of the empirical distribution of suitably scaled eigenvalues exists, and we identify the limits. In particular, we prove the following: Suppose g≥1 is fixed and p 1 is the smallest prime divisor of g. Suppose \(P_{g}=\prod_{j=1}^{g}E_{j}\) where {E j }1≤j≤g are i.i.d. exponential random variables with mean one.
(i) If k g=−1+sn where s=1 if g=1 and \(s=o(n^{p_{1}-1})\) if g>1, then the empirical spectral distribution of n −1/2 A k,n converges weakly in probability to \(U_{1}P_{g}^{1/(2g)}\) where U 1 is uniformly distributed over the (2g)th roots of unity, independent of P g .
(ii) If g≥2 and k g=1+sn with \(s=o(n^{p_{1}-1})\), then the empirical spectral distribution of n −1/2 A k,n converges weakly in probability to \(U_{2}P_{g}^{1/(2g)}\) where U 2 is uniformly distributed over the unit circle in ℝ2, independent of P g .
On the other hand, if k≥2, k=n o(1) with gcd (n,k)=1, and the input is i.i.d. standard normal variables, then \(F_{n^{-1/2}A_{k,n}}\) converges weakly in probability to the uniform distribution over the circle with center at (0,0) and radius \(r=\exp(\mathbb{E}[\log\sqrt{E}_{1}])\).
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A. Bose was partially supported by J.C. Bose Fellowship, Government of India.
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Bose, A., Mitra, J. & Sen, A. Limiting Spectral Distribution of Random k-Circulants. J Theor Probab 25, 771–797 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-010-0312-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10959-010-0312-9
Keywords
- Eigenvalue
- Circulant
- k-circulant
- Empirical spectral distribution
- Limiting spectral distribution
- Central limit theorem
- Normal approximation