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Solvent Extraction of Nickel and Zinc from Nitric Acid Solution Using D2EHPA: Experimental and Modeling

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Abstract

The present communication investigates the reaction mechanism of extraction of Zn(II) and Ni(II) and thermodynamic modeling using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as an organic extractant that is diluted in kerosene at T = 25 °C and the organic: aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 and pH range 2–6. The effect of two important parameters i.e. concentration of extractant and pH on the extraction of metals were investigated. The experimental tests allowed us to define the best process conditions, among various investigated conditions, to extract Ni(II) and Zn(II) from filter cake. The optimized extraction values of Ni(II) and Zn(II) were 95.5 and 95.1%, respectively and these were obtained within one stage by 25% (v/v) concentration of D2EHPA, 60 min of contact time and rotation speed of 600 rpm. Moreover, the extraction reaction stoichiometry of Ni(II) and Zn(II) was determined using the slope analysis. Also, the activity coefficient of all ions in the aqueous phase and all of the organic components in the organic phase were predicted based on Electrolyte- universal quasichemical-NRF and universal quasichemical-NRF model. The obtained results indicated well agreement with the experimental data.

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Abbreviations

A ϕ :

Debye–Hückel constant

\(C_{\text{aq}}^{0}\) :

Concentration of the metal species in the aqueous phases

\({C}_{\text{aq}}^{f}\) :

Concentration of the metal species in the organic phases

\(D\) :

Distribution ratio

I x :

Ionic strength on amole fraction basis

\(K_{{{\text{ex}}}}\) :

Equilibrium constant

M S :

Solvent molecular weight

q i :

Surface parameters

r i :

Volume parameters

u ij :

Interaction energies

x i :

Component mole fraction

X :

Effective mole fraction

Z :

Ion charge number

Z :

Coordination number

α ij :

Adjustable parameters

\(\gamma_{i}\) :

Activity coefficient

\(\gamma_{i}^{*}\) :

Unsymmetrical normalization

λ ij :

Adjustable parameters

λ c ,a :

Adjustable model parameters

λ ion, m :

Adjustable model parameters

τ ij, τ ji :

Interaction parameters between i, j substance

\(\tau\) :

Ion–ion and ion–molecule

Γ ij :

Nonrandom factor

ϕ i :

Volume fraction

θ i :

Area fraction

1:

Solute component

2:

Solvent component

C :

Critical

A :

Anion molecules

C :

Cation molecules

M :

Solvent

Calc:

Calculated

Exp:

Experimental data

Aq:

Aqueous phase

Org:

Organic phase

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

    Masumeh Mohammadzadeh, Hamidreza Bagheri & Sattar Ghader

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  1. Masumeh Mohammadzadeh
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  2. Hamidreza Bagheri
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Mohammadzadeh, M., Bagheri, H. & Ghader, S. Solvent Extraction of Nickel and Zinc from Nitric Acid Solution Using D2EHPA: Experimental and Modeling. J Solution Chem 51, 424–447 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-022-01151-5

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