Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Ion-Exchange Exploration for Aqueous Two-Phase Systems of ([C4mim]Cl + K2CO3 or K3C6H5O7 + water) at Different Temperatures

  • Published:
Journal of Solution Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article has been updated

Abstract

Liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data and phase diagrams for new aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) + tripotassium citrate or potassium carbonate + water were determined experimentally at T = (283.15, 293.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K and p = 94 kbar. The effect of the temperature, anion, composition, and ion exchange were evaluated in the formation of these ATPSs. It was observed that decreasing the temperature promoted the phase separation in both ATPSs indicating the exothermic character of the process. The ability of different anions to induce phase separation was compared and the order for the strength of the salting out effect observed was \({\text{PO}}_{4}^{3-}>{\text{HPO}}_{4}^{2-}>{\text{CO}}_{3}^{2-}>{\text{C}}_{6}{\text{H}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{7}^{3-}\gg {\text{HO}}^{-}\). The extent of ion exchange between the equilibrium phases in the two different ATPSs was experimentally evaluated and found to be negligible. The binodal curves were fitted to an empirical non-linear expression and the salting out effect was explored using the type-Setschenow equation and the consistence of equilibrium data was evaluated theoretically using the Othmer–Tobias, Hand and Bancroft equations. Finally, the liquid–liquid equilibrium in the ATPSs evaluated in the present work were modelled by NRTL model.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 11 April 2023

    The original online version of this article was revised: Section Headings 5 and 5.1 has been removed.

References

  1. Lee, J., Jung, D., Park, K.: Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for the extraction of organic and inorganic analytes from aqueous environments. TrAC - Trends Anal. Chem. 118, 853–868 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen, J., Feng, Y., Kong, B., Xia, X., Liu, Q.: An eco-friendly extraction method for adsorbed proteins from emulsions stabilized by whey protein isolate by using Tween 20. Colloids Surf. 604, 125332 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Germinario, G., Ciccola, A., Serafini, I., Ruggiero, L., Sbroscia, M., Vincenti, F., Fasolato, C., Curini, R., Ioele, M., Postorino, P., Sodo, A.: Gel substrates and ammonia-EDTA extraction solution: a new non-destructive combined approach for the identification of anthraquinone dyes from wool textiles. Microchem. J. 155, 104780 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Shiri, S., Alizadeh, K., Abbasi, N.: A novel technique for simultaneous determination of drugs using magnetic nanoparticles based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction in biological fluids and wastewaters. MethodsX. 7, 100952 (2020)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Assis, R.C., Mageste, A.B., de Lemos, L.R., Orlando, R.M., Rodrigues, G.D.: Application of aqueous two-phase system for selective extraction and clean-up of emerging contaminants from aqueous matrices. Talanta 223, 121697 (2020)

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Wessner, M., Nowaczyk, M., Brandenbusch, C.: Rapid identification of tailor-made aqueous two-phase systems for the extractive purification of high-value biomolecules. J. Mol. Liq. 314, 113655 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Suarez Ruiz, C.A., van den Berg, C., Wijffels, R.H., Eppink, M.H.M.: Rubisco separation using biocompatible aqueous two-phase systems. Sep. Purif. Technol. 196, 254–261 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Muruchi, L., Jimenez, Y.P.: Partitioning of perrhenate anion by aqueous two-phase systems using design of experiments methodology. J. Mol. Liq. 248, 479–489 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ferreira, L.A., Wu, Z., Kurgan, L., Uversky, V.N., Zaslavsky, B.Y.: How to manipulate partition behavior of proteins in aqueous two-phase systems: effect of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Fluid Phase Equilib. 449, 217–224 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Deive, F.J., Rivas, M.A., Rodríguez, A.: Sodium carbonate as phase promoter in aqueous solutions of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 43, 1153–1158 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sintra, T.E., Cruz, R., Ventura, S.P.M., Coutinho, J.A.P.: Phase diagrams of ionic liquids-based aqueous biphasic systems as a platform for extraction processes. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 77, 206–213 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Archer, M., Alves, M., Araújo, J., Martins, I., Pereiro, A.: Insights into the interaction of bovine serum albumin with surface-active ionic liquids in aqueous solution. J. Mol. Liq. 322, 114537 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Yu, C., Han, J., Hu, S., Yan, Y., Li, Y.: Phase diagrams for aqueous two-phase systems containing the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate/1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and trisodium phosphate/sodium sulfite/sodium dihydrogen phosphate at 298.15 K: experiment and correla. J. Chem. Eng. Data 56, 3577–3584 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Zhang, S.: Mutual coexistence curve measurement of aqueous biphasic systems composed of [bmim][BF4] and glycine, L-serine, and L-proline, respectively. J. Chem. Eng. Data 52, 2488–2490 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Alves Camêlo, L.C., de SouzaDiasSantos, G., de Souza, R.L., Faria Soares, C.M., Brandão Pereira, J.F., Lima, Á.S.: Protic ionic liquids as constituent of aqueous two-phase system based on acetonitrile: synthesis, phase diagrams and genipin pre-purification. Fluid Phase Equilib. 507, 112425 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Cognigni, A., Kampichler, S., Bica, K.: Surface-active ionic liquids in catalysis: Impact of structure and concentration on the aerobic oxidation of octanol in water. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 492, 136–145 (2017)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhang, P., Xie, N., Tang, K., Chen, X., Xu, W.: Modeling and optimization of two phase system for recycling high-speed counter-current chromatographic separation of ketoconazole enantiomers. Sep. Purif. Technol. 164, 41–48 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fan, M., Ma, C., Lei, T., Jung, J., Guay, D., Qiao, J.: Aqueous-phase electrochemical reduction of CO2 based on SnO2–CuO nanocomposites with improved catalytic activity and selectivity. Catal. Today. 318, 2–9 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Zhao, H., Xia, S., Ma, P.: Use of ionic liquids as “green” solvents for extractions. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 80, 1089–1096 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu, J.F., Li, N., Jiang, G.B., Liu, J.M., Jönsson, J.Å., Wen, M.J.: Disposable ionic liquid coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in paints followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. J. Chromatogr. A 1066, 27–32 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. He, C., Li, S., Liu, H., Li, K., Liu, F.: Extraction of testosterone and epitestosterone in human urine using aqueous two-phase systems of ionic liquid and salt. J. Chromatogr. A 1082, 143–149 (2005)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. das Dores Aguiar, C., Machado, P.A.L., Alvarenga, B.G., Lemes, N.H.T., Virtuoso, L.S.: Phase behavior at different temperatures of ionic liquid based aqueous two-phase systems containing {[Bmim]BF4+salt sulfate (Zn2+ or Ni2+)+water}. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 108, 105–117 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Pei, Y., Wang, J., Wu, K., Xuan, X., Lu, X.: Ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase extraction of selected proteins. Sep. Purif. Technol. 64, 288–295 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Li, S., He, C., Liu, H., Li, K., Liu, F.: Ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase system, a sample pretreatment procedure prior to high-performance liquid chromatography of opium alkaloids. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 826, 58–62 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bridges, N.J., Gutowski, K.E., Rogers, R.D.: Investigation of aqueous biphasic systems formed from solutions of chaotropic salts with kosmotropic salts (salt–salt ABS). Green Chem. 9, 177–183 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bridges, N.J., Rogers, R.D.: Can kosmotropic salt/chaotropic ionic liquid (salt/salt aqueous biphasic systems) be used to remove pertechnetate from complex salt waste? Sep. Sci. Technol. 43, 1083–1090 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang, D., Deng, Y., Chen, J.: Enrichment of aromatic compounds using ionic liquid and ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems. Sep. Sci. Technol. 45, 663–669 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dimitrijevic, A., Vranes, M., Tot, A.: Liquid−liquid equilibria in aqueous 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium- and 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium-based ionic liquids. J. Chem. Eng. Data 61, 549–555 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Berton, P., Kelley, S.P., Bridges, N.J., Klingshirn, M.A., Huddleston, J.G., Willauer, H.D., Baldwin, W., Moody, M.L., Rogers, R.D.: Water in solutions of chaotropic and kosmotropic salts: a differential scanning calorimetry investigation. J. Chem. Eng. Data 64, 4781–4792 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cao, Q., Quan, L., He, C., Li, N., Li, K., Liu, F.: Partition of horseradish peroxidase with maintained activity in aqueous biphasic system based on ionic liquid. Talanta 77, 160–165 (2008)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Sousa, S.D., Jose, I., Santos, B., Henrique, P., Calhau, S., Ca, R.D., Silva, S.M., Se, J.: Equilibrium data for aqueous two-phase systems formed by ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, 1‑butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) and inorganic salts (dibasic potassium phosphate and tripotassium phosphate) at 298.15 K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 64, 3781–3785 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. El-hady, D.A., Albishri, H.M.: Temperature controlled ionic liquid aqueous two phase system combined with affinity capillary electrophoresis for rapid and precise pharmaceutical-protein binding measurements. Methods 146, 120–125 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Zafarani-moattar, M.T., Hamzehzadeh, S.: Effect of pH on the phase separation in the ternary aqueous system containing the hydrophilic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and the kosmotropic salt potassium citrate at T = 298.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilib. 304, 110–120 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Han, J., Pan, R., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Yan, Y., Yin, G., Guan, W.: Liquid–liquid equilibria of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate + sodium and ammonium citrate aqueous two-phase systems at (298.15, 308.15, and 323.15) K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 55, 3749–3754 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Barrueto, Y., Muñoz, K., Garnica, K., Villalobos, I., Jimenez, Y.P.: Aqueous two-phase system of poly(ethylene glycol) 4000 and sodium molybdate at different temperatures. Fluid Phase Equilib. 399, 66–73 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Hu, M., Zhai, Q., Jiang, Y., Jin, L., Liu, Z.: Liquid–liquid and liquid–liquid–solid equilibrium in PEG + Cs2SO4 + H2O. J. Chem. Eng. Data 49, 1440–1443 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Othmer, D.F., White, R.E.: Liquid–liquid extraction data. Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 33, 1240–1248 (1941)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Othmer, D., Tobias, P.: Liquid–liquid extraction data - the line correlation. Ind. Eng. Chem. 34, 693–696 (1942)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Othmer, D.F., Tobias, P.E.: Liquid–liquid extraction data – toluene and acetaldehyde systems. Ind. Eng. Chem. 34, 690–692 (1942)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hand, D.B.: Dinetic distribution: the distribution of a consolute liquid between two immiscible liquids. J. Phys. Chem. 34, 1961–2000 (1930)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Setschenow, J.: Über die konstitution der salzlösungen auf grund ihres verhaltens zu kohlensäure. Z. Phys. Chem. 4, 177–185 (1889)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Maton, C., De Vos, N., Stevens, C.V.: Ionic liquid thermal stabilities: decomposition mechanisms and analysis tools. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 5963–5977 (2013)

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Huddleston, J.G., Visser, A.E., Reichert, W.M., Willauer, H.D., Broker, G.A., Rogers, R.D.: Characterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation. Green Chem. 3, 156–164 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Passos, H., Trindade, M.P., Vaz, T.S.M., Da Costa, L.P., Freire, M.G., Coutinho, J.A.P.: The impact of self-aggregation on the extraction of biomolecules in ionic-liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems. Sep. Purif. Technol. 108, 174–180 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Luís, A., Dinis, T.B.V., Passos, H., Taha, M., Freire, M.G.: Good’s buffers as novel phase-forming components of ionic-liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems. Biochem. Eng. J. 101, 142–149 (2015)

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Álvarez, M.S., Moscoso, F., Deive, F.J., Ángeles Sanromán, M., Rodríguez, A.: On the phase behavior of polyethoxylated sorbitan (Tween) surfactants in the presence of potassium inorganic salts. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 55, 151–158 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen, J., Zhong, Y., Han, J., Su, M., Shi, X.: Liquid–liquid equilibria for water+1-propanol (or 1-butanol)+potassium chloride+ammonium chloride quaternary systems at 298.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilib. 397, 50–57 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Merchuk, J.C., Andrews, B.A., Asenjo, J.A.: Aqueous two-phase systems for protein separation studies on phase inversion. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Appl. 711, 285–293 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais” (FAPEMIG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil), “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior” (CAPES) and the “Ministério da Educação (MEC)” for the financial support. The authors thank the MSc Raphael A.B. Gomes for the help with the abstract graphic.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colloid Chemistry Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil

    Poliana A. L. Machado, Marcello H. S. Cavalcanti, Nelson H. T. Lemes & Luciano S. Virtuoso

  2. Inorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700, Alfenas, MG, 37130-001, Brazil

    Fábio A. B. Silva & Eduardo T. de Almeida

  3. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil

    Marcus V. C. Cardoso

  4. Macromolecules and Surfactantes Group, Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29075-910, Brazil

    Anderson F. Mesquita

Authors
  1. Poliana A. L. Machado
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Marcello H. S. Cavalcanti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fábio A. B. Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Eduardo T. de Almeida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marcus V. C. Cardoso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Anderson F. Mesquita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Nelson H. T. Lemes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Luciano S. Virtuoso
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Luciano S. Virtuoso.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 490 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Machado, P.A.L., Cavalcanti, M.H.S., Silva, F.A.B. et al. Liquid–Liquid Phase Equilibrium and Ion-Exchange Exploration for Aqueous Two-Phase Systems of ([C4mim]Cl + K2CO3 or K3C6H5O7 + water) at Different Temperatures. J Solution Chem 51, 320–344 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-021-01137-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-021-01137-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation