Abstract
Electrical conductances of solutions of tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, sodium tetraphenylborate, and sodium chloride in polyethylene glycol (PEG) + water mixed solvent systems having 0.200, 0.400, and 0.600 mass fractions of PEG are reported at 298.15 K. In this study three different average molar masses of PEG, e.g., 300 (designated as PEG 300), 400 (designated as PEG 400), and 600 (designated as PEG 600) g·mol−1 were employed. The conductance data have been analyzed using the 1978 Fuoss conductance–concentration equation in terms of the limiting molar conductance, the association constant and the association diameter of the electrolytes. The ionic contributions to the limiting molar conductances have been estimated using tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate as the “reference electrolyte”, considering the similarity of the sizes and chemical characters of the tetraphenylphosphonium and tetraphenylborate ions possessing a quasi-spherical surface of the phenyl rings. Analyses of the results provided important information as to the ion-association and solvation behavior of the electrolytes/ions investigated in PEG + water mixed solvent media.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.References
Gao, J.K.: Polyethylene Glycol as an Embedment for Microscopy and Histochemistry, Chap. 1. CRC Press, Cambridge (1993)
Fan, W., Glatz, C.E.: Charged protein partitioning in aqueous PEG–dextran two-phase systems: salt effects. Sep. Sci. Technol. 34, 423–438 (1999)
McPherson Jr., A.: Crystallization of proteins from polyethylene glycol. J. Biol. Chem. 251, 6300–6303 (1976)
Brzozowski, A.M., Tolley, S.P.: Poly(ethylene) glycol monomethyl ethers—an alternative to poly(ethylene) glycols in protein crystallization. Acta Crystallograph. D 50, 466–468 (1994)
Patel, S., Cudney, B., McPherson, A.: Polymeric precipitants for the crystallization of macromolecules. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 207, 819–828 (1995)
Mali, C.S., Chavan, S.D., Kanse, K.S., Kumbharkhane, A.C., Mehrotra, S.C.: Dielectric relaxation of polyethylene glycol–water mixtures using time domain technique. Ind. J. Pure Appl. Phys. 45, 476–481 (2007)
De, R., Das, B.: Electrical conductances of sodium polystyrenesulphonate in 2-ethoxyethanol (1) + water (2) mixed solvent media in presence of sodium chloride at (308.15, 313.15, 318.15, and 323.15) K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 55, 2108–2115 (2010)
Nandi, P., Das, B.: Electrical conductances of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in acetonitrile (1) + water (2) mixed solvent media in the presence of sodium chloride at 308.15 K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 56, 2870–2876 (2011)
De, R., Ray, D., Das, B.: Influence of temperature, added electrolyte, and polymer molecular weight on the counterion condensation phenomenon in aqueous solution of sodium polystyrenesulfonate: a scaling theory approach. RSC Adv. 5, 54890–54898 (2015)
Capuano, F., Mangiapia, G., Ortona, O., d’Errico, G., Sartorio, R.: Sodium chloride molar conductance in different poly(ethylene glycol)–water mixed solvents. J. Solut. Chem. 36, 617–629 (2007)
Fuoss, R.M.: Paired ions: dipolar pairs as subset of diffusion pairs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 16–20 (1978)
Fuoss, R.M.: Conductance-concentration function for the paired ion model. J. Phys. Chem. 82, 2427–2440 (1978)
Zhang, N., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Bai, J., Huo, T., Wei, X.: Excess molar volumes and viscosities of poly(ethylene glycol) 300 + water at different temperatures. Fluid Phase Equilib. 313, 7–10 (2012)
Zhang, K., Yang, J., Yu, X., Zhang, J., Wei, X.: Densities and viscosities for binary mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) 400 + dimethyl sulfoxide and poly(ethylene glycol) 600 + water at different temperatures. J. Chem. Eng. Data 56, 3083–3088 (2011)
Han, F., Zhang, J., Chen, G., Wei, X.: Density, viscosity, and excess properties for aqueous poly(ethylene glycol) solutions from (298.15 to 323.15) K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 53, 2598–2601 (2008)
Lind Jr., J.E., Zwolenik, J.J., Fuoss, R.M.: Calibration of conductance cells at 25° with aqueous solutions of potassium chloride. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 1557–1559 (1959)
Das, B., Hazra, D.K.: Apparent and partial molal volumes of selected symmetrical tetraalkylammonium bromides in 2-methoxy-1-ethanol at 25°C. J. Chem. Eng. Data 36, 403–405 (1991)
Das, B., Saha, N.: Electrical conductances of some symmetrical tetraalkylammonium salts in methanol, acetonitrile, and methanol(1) + acetonitrile(2) mixtures at 298.15 K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 45, 2–5 (2000)
Fuoss, R.M., Shedlovsky, T.: Extrapolation of conductance data for weak electrolytes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 71, 1496–1498 (1949)
Marcus, Y.: Ion Solvation. Wiley, New York (1985)
Watcher, W., Buchner, R., Hefter, G.: Hydration of tetraphenylphosphonium and tetraphenylborate ions by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B. 110, 5147–5154 (2006)
Conway, B.E.: In: Conway, B.E., White, R.E. (eds.) Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York (2002)
Tassi, L.: Ionic association of alkali-metal bromides in 2-methoxyethanol. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 89, 733–738 (1993)
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by Presidency University, Kolkata, India through the Faculty Research and Professional Development Fund (FRPDF) scheme for the year 2018–19.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Debnath, B., Das, B. Ion-Solvation and Ion-Association Behavior of Tetraphenylphosphonium Chloride, Sodium Tetraphenylborate and Sodium Chloride in Polyethylene Glycol + Water Mixtures at 298.15 K. J Solution Chem 48, 849–861 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-019-00891-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-019-00891-1