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Surface and Solution Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Primary Linear Alkanols

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Abstract

Using surface tension and fluorescence methods, the surface and solution properties of two cationic gemini surfactants {pentanediyl-1,5-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide) and hexanediyl-1,6-bis(dimethylcetylammonium bromide)} (referred to as 16-5-16 and 16-6-16) have been studied in the presence and absence of primary linear alkanols. Parameters studied include the critical micelle concentration (CMC), C 20 (the surfactant concentration required to reduce the surface tension of the solvent by 20 mN·m−1), Г max (maximum surface excess), and A min (minimum surface area per molecule). These parameters indicate mixed micelle formation and, therefore, surfactant-additive interaction parameters in mixed micelles and mixed monolayers, as well as activity coefficients, were calculated. A synergistic effect was observed in all instances and was found to be correlated with the chain length of the alkanols. The CMC values of 16-s-16 (s = 5, 6) decrease with increasing alkanol concentration and the extent of this effect follows the sequence: 1-octanol (C8OH) > 1-heptanol (C7OH) > hexan-1-ol (C6OH) > 1-pentanol (C5OH) > butanol (C4OH). The micelle aggregation number (N agg) of mixed micelles has been obtained using the steady state fluorescence quenching method. The micropolarity of gemini/alkanol systems has been evaluated from the ratio of intensity of peaks (I 1/I 3) of the pyrene fluorescence emission spectra. Results are interpreted on the basis of the structure of mixed micelles and monolayers.

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Acknowledgments

Riyaj Mohammad is thankful to UGC, New Delhi, for providing fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India

    Riyaj Mohammad, Iqrar Ahmad Khan &  Kabir-ud-Din

  2. Department of Chemistry and INQUISUR, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina

    Pablo C. Schulz

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  1. Riyaj Mohammad
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Correspondence to Kabir-ud-Din.

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10953_2013_115_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Additional tables, figures and other data showing: (i) effect of alkanol concentrations on various physico-chemical properties of cationic gemini surfactants in aqueous solutions at 303 K studied by surface tensiometry, (ii) micellar compositions, interaction parameters, and activity coefficients of binary mixtures of cationic gemini surfactants and alkanols at different mole fractions of alkanols, (iii) average aggregation numbers, micropolarity and apparent dielectric constant for the gemini/alkanol systems evaluated on the basis of steady-state fluorescence technique, (iv) representative plots of surface tension versus log10 [surfactant] at different mole fractions of added alkanols, and (v) intensity versus wavelength plot for butanol/16-5-16 at different mole fractions of added butanol (DOC 973 kb)

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Mohammad, R., Khan, I.A., Kabir-ud-Din et al. Surface and Solution Properties of Cationic Gemini Surfactants with Primary Linear Alkanols. J Solution Chem 42, 2310–2328 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-013-0115-6

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