Abstract
Xylenol orange (XO) is a suitable reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of niobium in a weakly acidic medium. The present study shows that the addition of 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-4-pyridone (HX) influences the complex formation as well as the spectroscopic properties of this colored system. To prevent formation of niobium(V) hydrolyzed species in water, tartaric acid was used when preparing the niobium stock solution. The red-violet colored complex formed by heating niobium(V) with xylenol orange (XO) in the presence of HX at pH=3 has a maximum absorption wavelength at 565 nm. The complex can be extracted by a chloroform solution of tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP) chloride. The optimum reaction conditions and other parameters for complex formation have been evaluated. The mechanism of extraction is probably based on the formation of the associated ion pair between the tetraphenylphosphonium cation and the mixed Nb(V)-XO-HX anion. The extracted complex in chloroform showed a maximum absorbance at 585 nm with the corresponding molar absorption coefficient being 3.72×104 L⋅mol−1⋅cm−1, and obeys Beer’s law in the range 3×10−6 to 3×10−5 mol⋅L−1.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
El-Genk, M.S., Tournier, J.M.: A review of refractory metal alloys and mechanically alloyed-oxide dispersion strengthened steels for space nuclear power systems. J. Nucl. Mater. 340, 93–112 (2005)
DeArdo, A.J.: Niobium in modern steels. Int. Mater. Rev. 48, 371–402 (2003)
Amin, A.S.: The surfactant-sensitized analytical reaction of niobium with some thiazolylazo compounds. Microchem. J. 65, 261–267 (2000)
Dedkov, Y.M., Korsakova, N.V., Radugina, O.G.: Color reactions of niobium and tantalum with bromine-substituted reagents of the PAR-PAN group. J. Anal. Chem. 58, 836–840 (2003)
Tamhina, B., Gojmerac Ivšić, A.: Extraction and separation of niobium(V) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-4-pyridone. Solv. Extr. Ion Exch. 5, 909–922 (1987)
Gojmerac Ivšić, A., Tamhina, B.: Extraction and complex formation of niobium(V) with 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-(4-tolyl)-4-pyridone. Talanta 38, 1403–1407 (1991)
Gholivand, M.B., Bamdad, F.: A potentiometric study of protonation and complex formation of xylenol orange with alkaline earth and aluminium ions. Talanta 46, 875–884 (1998)
Babko, A.K., Štokalo, M.I.: Reaction of niobium with xylenol orange. Dopov. Akad. Nauk Ukr. 9, 1179–1181 (1961)
Babko, A.K., Štokalo, M.I.: Photometric determination of niobium by means of xylenol orange. J. Anal. Chem. USSR 17, 1068–1071 (1962)
Cheng, K.L., Goydish, B.L.: A spectrophotometric study of niobium-xylenol orange complex. Talanta 9, 987–995 (1962)
Elinson, S.V., Pobedina, L.I.: New photometric methods for the determination of niobium and tantalum in metals and alloys. J. Anal. Chem. USSR 18, 190–195 (1963)
Agarwala, B.V., Day, A.K.: Metal chelates of xylenol orange with vanadium(V) and niobium. A spectrophotometric study. J. Indian Chem. Soc. 44, 691–693 (1967)
Agarwala, B.V., Day, A.K.: Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium and niobium: Xylenol orange as a chromogenic reagent. Mikrochim. Acta 3, 664–666 (1969)
Gromova, T.A., Elinson, S.V., Astafuvov, V.I.: Uslovija odnovremennogo fotometričeskogo opredelennija cirkonija i niobija v mnogokompleksnih splavah. Zavod. Lab. 58, 9–11 (1992)
Kolthoff, K., Elving, P.J.: Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, vol. 6. Wiley, New York (1964)
Jakopčić, K., Tamhina, B., Zorko, F., Herak, M.J.: Synthesis and physical properties of some new 4-pyridone extractants. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 39, 1201–1203 (1977)
Gampp, H., Maeder, M., Meyer, C.J., Zuberbühler, A.D.: Calculation of equilibrium constants from multiwavelength spectroscopic data—I. Mathematical considerations. Talanta 32, 95–101 (1985)
Gampp, H., Maeder, M., Meyer, C.J., Zuberbühler, A.D.: Calculation of equilibrium constants from multiwavelength spectroscopic data—II SPECFIT: Two user-friendly programs in BASIC and Standard FORTRAN 77. Talanta 32, 257–264 (1985)
Maeder, M., Zuberbühler, A.D.: Nonlinear least-squares fitting of multivariate absorption data. Anal. Chem. 62, 2220–2224 (1990)
Puzanowska-Tarasiewicz, H., Grudniewska, A., Tarasiewicz, M.: An examination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride as indicator and spectrophotometric reagent for the determination of molybdenum (V). Anal. Chim. Acta 94, 435–441 (1977)
Job, P.: Formation and stability of inorganic complexes in solution. Ann. Chim. 9, 113–203 (1928)
Pettit, L.D., Powell, K.J.: IUPAC Stability Constants Database. Version 5.82. IUPAC and Academic Software, Otley, UK (2007)
Gibalo, I.M.: Analitičeskaja Himija Niobija i Tantala. Nauka, Moscow (1967)
Elinson, S.V.: Primenienie raznoligandnih kompleksov v analitičeskoi himii niobija i tantala. Usp. Him. 449, 1537–1554 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gojmerac Ivšić, A., Galić, N. & Tomišić, V. Formation and Extraction of Niobium(V) Complex with Xylenol Orange in the Presence of a 4-Pyridone Derivative. J Solution Chem 38, 149–158 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-008-9363-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-008-9363-2