Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Refractive Indices of the Ternary Mixtures Butanol + n-Hexane + 1-Chlorobutane

  • Published:
Journal of Solution Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Refractive indices for the ternary mixtures formed by each one of the isomers of butanol (1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol), with n-hexane and 1-chlorobutane, have been measured at 298.15 K. From these data the refractive index deviations were calculated and fitted by Cibulka’s equation, and the refractive index deviations were related to the corresponding excess volumes of the mixtures. Furthermore, several mixing rules were used to predict both refractive indices and excess volumes of the ternary mixtures from their densities or refractive indices.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Heller, W.: Remarks on refractive index mixture rules. J. Phys. Chem. 69, 1123–1129 (1965)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bhatti, S.S., Prabhakar, K.P., Singh, D.P.: Relative validity of refractive-index mixing rules for ternary liquid mixtures. Ind. J. Pure Appl. Physics 33, 18–22 (1995)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Iglesias, M., Orge, B., Tojo, J.: Refractive indices, densities and excess properties on mixing of the systems acetone + methanol + water and acetone + methanol + 1-butanol at 298.15 K. Fluid Phase Equilib. 126, 203–223 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pandey, J.D., Vyas, V., Jain, P., Dubey, G.P., Tripathi, N., Dey, R.: Speed of sound, viscosity and refractive index of multicomponent systems: theoretical predictions from the properties of pure components. J. Mol. Liq. 81, 123–133 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Orge, B., Marino, G., Iglesias, M., Tojo, J.: Changes in refractive indices of ternary mixtures containing benzene, cyclohexane, 1-pentanol, and anisole at T = 298.15 K. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 33, 555–564 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Canosa, J., Rodríguez, A., Tojo, J.: Densities, refractive indices and speeds of sound of the ternary mixtures (dimethyl carbonate plus methanol plus ethanol) and (dimethyl carbonate plus methanol + 1-propanol) at T = 298.15 K. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 35, 2021–2031 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Casas, H., García-Garabal, S., Segade, L., Cabeza, O., Franjo, C., Jimenez, E.: Densities, viscosities, and refractive indexes for {C2H5CO2(CH2)2CH3 + C6H13OH + C6H6} at T = 308.15 K. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 35, 1129–1137 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Atik, Z.: Experimental and predicted volumetric and refractive index properties of ternary mixtures of iodoethane with toluene and alcohols at temperature 298.15 K and pressure 101 kPa. J. Chem. Thermodyn. 38, 201–208 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cibulka, I.: Estimation of excess volume and density of ternary liquid mixtures of non electrolytes from binary data. Coll. Czech. Commun. 47, 1414–1419 (1982)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nakata, M., Sakurai, M.: Refractive-index and excess volume for binary liquid mixtures. 1. Analyses of new and old data for binary mixtures. J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 83, 2449–2457 (1987)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brocos, P., Piñeiro, A., Bravo, R., Amigo, A.: Refractive indices, molar volumes and molar refractions of binary liquid mixtures: concepts and correlations. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 5, 550–557 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Domínguez, M., Artigas, H., Santafé, J., Mainar, A., Urieta, J.S.: Densities and excess molar volumes of the ternary mixture (1-butanol + n-hexane + 1-chlorobutane) at 298.15 and 313.15 K. Application of the ERAS model. Fluid Phase Equilib. 145, 115–128 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Domínguez, M., Martín, S., Santafé, J., Artigas, H., Royo, F.M.: Densities and speeds of sound in the ternary mixture (2-butanol + n-hexane + 1-chlorobutane) at 298.15 and 313.15 K. Thermochim. Acta 381, 181–193 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Carrasco, A., Pérez-Navarro, M., López, M.C., Gascón, I., Lafuente, C.: Densities and viscosities of the ternary mixtures 2-methyl-1-propanol (or 2-methyl-2-propanol) + n-hexane + 1-chlorobutane at 298.15 K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 53, 1223–1227 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lorentz, H.A.: Ueber die Beziehung zwischen der Fortpflanzungsgeschwindigkeit des Lichtes und der Körperdichte. Wied. Ann. 9, 641–665 (1880)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lorenz, L.V.: Ueber die Refraktion Konstante. Wied. Ann. 11, 70–75 (1880)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gladstone, J.F., Dale, T.P.: Researches on the refraction, dispersion, and sensitiveness of liquids. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 153, 317–343 (1863)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Laplace, P.S.: Traité de Méchanique Céleste, Part IV, X, 32, Paris (1821)

  19. Eykman, J.F.: Recherches réfractométriques de feu. Nat. Verh. van de Holl. Maatsch. der Wet. te Haarlem 8, 25–255 (1919)

    Google Scholar 

  20. TRC Thermodynamic Tables Hydrocarbons and Non-Hydrocarbons, Selected Values of Properties of Chemical Compounds, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A&M University College Station, TX

  21. Fialkov, Y.Y., Fenerly, G.N.: Molar additive properties in physicochemical analysis of binary liquid mixtures. Russ. J. Inorg. Chem. 9, 1205–1213 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Fialkov, Y.Y.: Molar-additive properties in physicochemical analysis of binary liquid systems. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. 41, 389–393 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Giner, B., Villares, A., López, M.C., Royo, F.M., Lafuente, C.: Refractive indices and molar refractions for isomeric chlorobutanes with isomeric butanols. Phys. Chem. Liq. 43, 13–23 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Orgánica—Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Ciudad Universitaria, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    Montserrat Pérez-Navarro, Gorka Pera, Marta Haro, Ignacio Gascón & Carlos Lafuente

Authors
  1. Montserrat Pérez-Navarro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gorka Pera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marta Haro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ignacio Gascón
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Carlos Lafuente
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlos Lafuente.

Electronic Supplementary Material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pérez-Navarro, M., Pera, G., Haro, M. et al. Refractive Indices of the Ternary Mixtures Butanol + n-Hexane + 1-Chlorobutane. J Solution Chem 37, 1499–1510 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-008-9332-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-008-9332-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation