Skip to main content
Log in

Investigating the influence of soil conditions and surcharge mass on seismic responses of ground surface

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Seismology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 28 August 2021

This article has been updated

Abstract

Earthquake is always known as a natural phenomenon with complex and unpredictable characteristics. One of the parameters which affects the ground motion properties is soil. Seismic wave caused by ground motion can be modified based on the soil conditions including soil type and its depth. It means the wave displays different properties after passing a soil layer. In this study, by the use of a 2D numerical model simulated by OpenSees software, the effects of soil parameters on the seismic waves have been investigated. For this purpose three different types of soil based on Eurocode 8 under eleven ground motions have been analyzed and the results in terms of pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA) and permanent displacement of soil surface have been reported. Besides, the influence of surcharge mass on the final seismic responses, as an important parameter in soil structure interaction problems, has been studied and the obtained results under different conditions have been compared.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

References

  • Barani S, Massa M, Lovati S, Spallarossa D (2014) Effects of surface topography on ground shaking prediction: implications for seismic hazard analysis and recommendations for seismic design. Geophys J Int 197(3):1551–1565

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazzurro P, Cornell CA (2004) Ground-motion amplification in nonlinear soil sites with uncertain properties. Bull Seismol Soc Am 94(6):2090–2109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley KJ, Naggar MHE (2000) Numerical analysis of kinematic response of single piles. Can Geotech J 37(6):1368–1382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradley BA, Wotherspoon LM, Kaiser AE (2017) Ground motion and site effect observations in the wellington region from the 2016 mw7. 8 kaikōura, new zealand earthquake. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 50(2):94–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee K, Choudhury D (2018) Influences of local soil conditions for ground response in kolkata city during earthquakes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section A: Physical Sciences 88(4):515–528

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, Jin D, Zhu J, Shi J, Li X (2015) Nonlinear analysis on seismic site response of fuzhou basin, china. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 105(2A):928–949

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Code (2005) Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance-part 1: general rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings

  • Dutta SC, Roy R (2002) A critical review on idealization and modeling for interaction among soil–foundation–structure system. Comput Struct 80(20-21):1579–1594

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng SJ, Du FL, Chen H, Mao JZ (2017) Centrifuge modeling of preloading consolidation and dynamic compaction in treating dredged soil. Eng Geol 226:161–171

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gutierrez JA, Chopra AK (1978) A substructure method for earthquake analysis of structures including structure-soil interaction. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 6(1):51–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han B, Zdravkovic L, Kontoe S (2014) Analytical and numerical investigations on the vertical seismic site response

  • Hashash YM, Dashti S, Romero MI, Ghayoomi M, Musgrove M (2015) Evaluation of 1-d seismic site response modeling of sand using centrifuge experiments. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 78:19–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jabini Asli S, Saffari H, Zahedi MJ (2018) The effects of soil-structure interaction on seismic response of steel moment resisting frames. Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering 19(4):313–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Jabini Asli S, Saffari H, Zahedi MJ, Saadatinezhad M (2021) Comparing the performance of substructure and direct methods to estimate the effect of ssi on seismic response of mid-rise structures. Int J Geotech Eng 15(1):81– 94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jafarian Y, Miraei M, Lashgari A, Shakeri P (2014) Probabilistic evaluation of dynamic response of caisson quay walls in soil improved by fiber: A numerical study

  • Jeremić B, Jie G, Preisig M, Tafazzoli N (2009) Time domain simulation of soil–foundation–structure interaction in non-uniform soils. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn 38 (5):699–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joyner WB, Chen AT (1975) Calculation of nonlinear ground response in earthquakes. Bull Seismol Soc Am 65(5):1315–1336

    Google Scholar 

  • Karapetrou S, Fotopoulou S, Pitilakis K (2015) Seismic vulnerability assessment of high-rise non-ductile rc buildings considering soil–structure interaction effects. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 73:42–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kocak S, Mengi Y (2000) A simple soil–structure interaction model. Appl Math Model 24(8-9):607–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kramer SL, et al. (1996) Geotechnical earthquake engineering. Pearson Education India

  • López-Lara T, Hernández-Zaragoza J, Horta-Rangel J, Rojas-González E, López-Ayala S, Castaño V (2017) Expansion reduction of clayey soils through surcharge application and lime treatment. Case Studies in Construction Materials 7:102–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lysmer J (1978) Analytical procedures in soil dynamics. STIN 80:12243

    Google Scholar 

  • Lysmer J, Kuhlemeyer RL (1969) Finite dynamic model for infinite media. J Eng Mech Div 95(4):859–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari BK, Truman KZ, Naggar MHE, Gould PL (2004) Three-dimensional finite element nonlinear dynamic analysis of pile groups for lateral transient and seismic excitations. Canadian Geotech J 41(1):118–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paudyal YR, Yatabe R, Bhandary N, Dahal R (2012) A study of local amplification effect of soil layers on ground motion in the kathmandu valley using microtremor analysis. Earthq Eng Eng Vib 11(2):257–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitilakis K, Karapetrou S, Fotopoulou S (2014) Consideration of aging and ssi effects on seismic vulnerability assessment of rc buildings. Bull Earthq Eng 12(4):1755– 1776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quispe S, Yamanaka H, Aguilar Z, Lazares F, Tavera H (2012) Preliminary analysis for evaluation of local site effects in lima city, peru from ground motion data by using the spectral inversion method

  • Raptakis DG (2012) Pre-loading effect on dynamic soil properties: Seismic methods and their efficiency in geotechnical aspects. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 34(1):69–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayhani M, El Naggar MH (2008) Numerical modeling of seismic response of rigid foundation on soft soil. Int J Geomech 8(6):336–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rayhani M, El Naggar M, Tabatabaei S (2008) Nonlinear analysis of local site effects on seismic ground response in the bam earthquake. Geotech Geol Eng 26(1):91–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saffarian MA, Bagheripour MH (2014a) Seismic response analysis of layered soils considering effect of surcharge mass using hftd approach. part i: basic formulation and linear hftd. Geomech Eng 6(6):517–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saffarian MA, Bagheripour MH (2014b) Seismic response analysis of layered soils considering effect of surcharge mass using hftd approach. part ii: Nonlinear hftd and numerical examples. Geomech Eng 6(6):531–544

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Semblat JF, Duval AM, Dangla P (2002) Seismic site effects in a deep alluvial basin: numerical analysis by the boundary element method. Comput Geotech 29(7):573– 585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spyrakos C, Maniatakis CA, Koutromanos I (2009) Soil–structure interaction effects on base-isolated buildings founded on soil stratum. Eng Struct 31(3):729–737

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stamati O, Klimis N, Lazaridis T (2016) Evidence of complex site effects and soil non-linearity numerically estimated by 2d vs 1d seismic response analyses in the city of xanthi. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 87:101–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stamatopoulos CA (2014) Effect of preloading on the amplification characteristics of soil profiles. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 65:189–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • White W, Lee IK, Valliappan S (1977) Unified boundary for finite dynamic models. J Eng Mech Div 103(5):949–964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao C, Valliappan S (1993) A dynamic infinite element for three-dimensional infinite-domain wave problems. Int J Numer Meth Eng 36(15):2567–2580

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng J, Takeda T (1995) Effects of soil-structure interaction on seismic response of pc cable-stayed bridge. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 14(6):427–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zienkiewicz O, Bicanic N, Shen F (1989) Earthquake input definition and the trasmitting boundary conditions. In: Advances in computational nonlinear mechanics, Springer, pp 109–138

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sahand Jabini Asli.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The original online version of this article was revised: The name of the corresponding author should be “Sahand Jabini Asli” instead of “Sahand JabiniAsli”. Full information regarding the corrections made can be found in the erratum/correction for this article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jabini Asli, S., Saffari, H. & Saadatinezhad, M. Investigating the influence of soil conditions and surcharge mass on seismic responses of ground surface. J Seismol 25, 1301–1317 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-021-10022-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-021-10022-3

Keywords

Navigation