Abstract
Using the US Geological Survey (USGS) finite fault model, the co-seismic horizontal displacement and horizontal principal stress field in North and Northeast China generated by the Tohoku-Oki M W 9.0 earthquake of March 11th, 2011, were retrieved by linear elastic finite element numerical simulation. On this basis, the static Coulomb failure stress variations of the main active faults and tectonic zones in North and Northeast China were calculated, and the triggering effect of the earthquake on seismicity in North and Northeast China was discussed. Results were as follows: (1) the co-seismic horizontal displacement field caused by the great earthquake was eastward in North China; the maximum value, which occurred in the Shandong Peninsula and north Jiangsu Province, was about 12 mm; and the values gradually decreased from east to west. The co-seismic horizontal displacement field in Northeast China was SE–SEE and the maximum value, which occurred in northeast Jilin Province, was about 30 mm. The simulated results for the co-seismic horizontal displacement field were in good agreement with GPS observational results. (2) The near-surface co-seismic maximum horizontal principal stress (ΔσHmax) was tensile stress ranging from 0 to 2.0 KPa. From Northeast China to North China, the direction gradually altered from NW to NWW to nearly EW to NEE. The co-seismic minimum horizontal principal stress (ΔσHmax) was compressive as well as tensile stress, with a magnitude of 0–0.75 KPa, which is approximately equal to zero. From Northeast China to North China, the direction gradually changed to NNW from NE to NNE to nearly NS. Although the co-seismic stress effect generated by the great earthquake had some effect on the present tectonic stress field of North and Northeast China, its influence was too slight to change the present framework of the regional tectonic stress field. (3) Coulomb failure stress variations on active fault zones in North and Northeast China mainly increased; however, the amount of increase was less than 1 KPa. The increases were largest in the middle and northeastern segments of the Tancheng–Lushan fault zone and the Mishan–Dunhua fault zone. The Tohoku-Oki Mw9.0 earthquake did have some triggering effect on seismic activity in North and Northeast China, but the effects were limited.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aki K, Richards P G (Li QZ and Zhou QJ Translating) (1986) Quantitative seismology theory and methods. Beijijng: Seismological Press 116–122
Akira H, Yoshida K, Okada T (2011) Nearly complete stress drop in the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Earth Planets Space 63:703–707
Akira H, Yoshida K, Asano Y, Okada T, Iinuma T, Ito Y (2012) Change in stress field after the 2011great Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Earth Planet Sci Lett 355:231–243
Chen LW, Lu YZ, Zhang J, Xu GL, Guo RM (1999) Three dimensional numerical simulation of tectonic stress field of north China. Acta Seismol Sin 21(2):140–149 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen T, Liu YW, Yang DX, Zhang L, Fang X, Xu LQ (2012a) The role of pore pressure in earthquake triggering and process of swarm earthquake and aftershocks. Prog Geophys 27(6):2407–2417 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen W, Gan WJ, Xiao GR, Liang SM, Sheng CZ (2012b) The impact of 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan on crustal deformation of Northeastern region in China. Seismol Geol 34(3):425–439 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Cui XF, Xie FR (2001) The spatial and temporal variations of modern tectonic stress field in North China before and after the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Earthq Res China 17(3):280–288 (in Chinese with English abstract)
DeMets C, Gordon RG, Argus DF, Stein S (1994) Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal time scale on estimates of current plate motions. Geophys Res Lett 21:2191–2194
Deng QD, Zhang PZ, Ran YK, Yang XP, Ming W, Chu QZ (2002) Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China. Sci China Earth Sci 32(12):1020–1031 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Deng QD, Zhang PZ, Ran YK, Yang XP, Ming W, Chen LC (2003) Active tectonics and earthquake activities in China. Earth Sci Front 10:66–73 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Diao FQ, Xiong X, Ni SD, Zheng Y, Ge C (2011) Slip model for the 2011 Mw9.0 Sendai (Japan) earthquake and its Mw7.9 aftershocks derived from GPS data. Sci. China Earth Sci 56(24):1999–2005 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Dziewonski AM, Anderson DL (1981) Preliminary reference earth model. Phys Earth Planet Inter 25:297–356
Enescu B, Toda S, Suzuki W, Obara K, Shiomi K, Takeda T (2012) Stress perturbations and seismic response associated with the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in and around the Tokai seismic gap, central Japan. Geophys. Res. Lett 39(L00G28) doi:10.1029/2012GL051839.
Feng CJ, Chen QC, Tan CX, Wu ML, Qin XH, Liao CT (2013) A preliminary study of the influence of Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake on in situ stress state near Longmenshan fault zone: a case study in Beichuan and Jiangyou areas. Acta Sesimologica Sinica 35(2):137–150 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Feng CJ, Zhang P, Qin XH, Meng W, Tan CX, Chen QC (2015) Near-surface stress measurements in the Longmenshan fault belt after the 2008 Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 77:358–377
Gao ZZ, Xu J, Song CQ, Sun JB (2000) Structural characters of the Cangdong fault in north China. Seismol Geol 22(4):395–404 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Ge RF, Zhang QL, Xie AG, Xu SG, Wang XY, Chen J (2009) Seismic activity and stress state of the northern Tanlu fault zone and its adjacent areas. Seimol Geol 3(1):141–154 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Gilbert F, Dziewonski AM (1975) An application of normal mode theory to the retrieval of structural parameters and source mechanisms from seismic spectra. Phil Trans R Soc London A 278:187–269
Hao JL, Wang WM, Yao ZX (2011) Source process of the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohuko Japan earthquake. Sci China Earth Sci 41(6):745–749
Harris RA (1998) Introduction to special section: stress triggers, stress shadows, and implications for seismic hazard. Geophys Res Lett 103:24347–24358
Hayes GP (2011) Rapid source characterization of the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Earth Planets Space 63:529–534
Hirose F, Miyaoka K, Hashimoto N, Yamazaki T, Nakamura M (2011) Outline of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake (Mw9.0) seismicity: foreshocks, mainshock, aftershocks, and induced activity. Earth Planets Space 63:515–518
Hiroshi M (2012) Coseismic and early postseismic slips associated with the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake sequence: EOF analysis of GPS kinematic time series. Earth Planets Space 64:1077–1091
Ishibe T, Shimazaki K, Satake K, Tsuruoka H (2011) Change in seismicity beneath the Tokyo metropolitan area due to the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan Earthquake. Earth Planets Space 63:731–735
Ishibe T, Satake K, Shimaaki K, Tsuruoka H, Yokota Y, Nakagawa S, Hirata N (2015) Correlation between Coulomb stress imparted by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and seismicity rate change in Kanto. Japan Geophys J Int 201:112–134
Ito T, Kazuhiro O, Tsuyoshi W, Takesshi S (2011) Slip distribution of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake inferred from geodetic data. Earth Planets Space 63:627–630
King GP, Stein RS, Lin J (1994) Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes. Bull Seism Soc Amer 84:935–953
Lay T, Ammon CJ, Kanamori H, Xue L, Marina JK (2011) Possible large near-trench slip during the 2011 Mw9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Earth Planets Space 63:687–692
Lei W, Shun CK, Simons FJ, Tapley B, Dai CL (2012) Coseismic and postseismic deformation of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake constrained by GRACE gravimetry. Geophys Res Lett 39(L07301):1–6
Lei XL, Ma SL, Su JR, Wang XL (2013) Inelastic triggering of the 2013 Mw6.6 Lushan earthquake by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Seismol Geol 35(2):411–422 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li H, Xie FR (2004) Format and standard of data in crustal stress database in China and adjacent area. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 23(23):4090–4094 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li QZ, Jin YM, Yu XC (1982a) Seismicity pattern before great earthquakes in north China. Acta seismol Sin 4(4):373–379 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li QZ, Jin YM, Yu XC (1982b) Focal mechanisms and crustal stress field in north China. Acta Seismol Sin 4(1):55–61 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li TM, Shen ZK, Xu J, Wan YG (2007) Analysis on the parameters of seismogenic fault of the earthquake more than 6.5. Prog Geophys 22(1):95–103 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Lin AM, Miyata T, Wan TF (1998) Tectonic characteristics of the central segment of the Tancheng-Lujiang fault zone, Shandong Peninsula, eastern China. Tectonophysics 293:85–104
Lin WR, Conin M, Moore JC, Frederick MC, Nakamura Y, James JM, Anderson L, Emily EB, Eguchi N (2013) Stress state in the largest displacement area of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Science 339:687–689
Ma ZJ, Du PR, Gao XL, Qi WH, Li XL (2010) Analysis of earthquake distributions in East Asia and in the world. Earth Sci Front 17(5):215–233 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Meng XS, Zhu JS, Sun WB, Xue XL, Li DG (1996) Shallow moderate and deep earthquake in northeast China and western pacific plate subduction. Seismol Res Northeast China 12(2):12–23 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Miyazaki S, MeGuire JJ, Segall P (2011) Seismic and aseismic fault slip before and during the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku earthquake. Earth Sci Front 63(7):637–642
Okada Y (1985) Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seism Soc Am 75:1135–1154
Okada Y (1992) Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bull Seis Soc Am 82:1018–1154
Okubo S (1991) Potential and gravity changes raised by point dislocations. Geophys J Int 105:573–586
Okubo S (1992) Potential gravity changes due to shear and tensile faults. J Geophys Res 97:7137–7144
Ozawa S, Nishimura T, Suito H (2011) Coseismic and postseismic slip of the 2011 magnutude 9 Tohoku-Oki earthquake. Nature 475(7356):373–376
Pollitz FF, Burgmann R, Banerjee P (2011) Geodetic slip model of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Geophys Res Lett 38(L00G08):1–6
Shan B, Xiong X, Zheng Y, Diao FQ (2009) Stress changes on major faults caused by Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, May 12, 2008. Sci China Ser D-Earth Sci 52(5):593–601
Shao ZG, Fu RS, Xue TX, Zha XJ (2009) Discussion about the relation of coulomb stress changes and distribution of aftershocks for the case of the chi-chi earthquake. Prog Geophys 24(2):367–374 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Shao ZG, Wu YQ, Jiang ZS, Zhang LP (2011) The analysis of coseismic slip and near field deformation about Japanese 9.0 earthquake based on the GPS observation. Chinese J. Chinese J Geophys 54(9):2243–2249 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Shi YL (2001) Stress triggers and stress shadows: how to apply these concepts to earthquake prediction. Earthquake 21(3):1–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Shi YL, Cao JL (2010) Some aspects in static stress change calculation-case study on Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese J Geophys 53(1):102–110 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Shi W, Zhang YQ, Dong SW (2003) Quaternary activity and segmentation behavior of the Middle portion of the Tanlu fault zone. Acta Geoscience Sin 24(1):11–18 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Shi YL, Zhang B, Zhang SQ, Zhang H (2013) Numerical earthquake prediction. Physics 42(4):236–253 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Song GQ (2007) Deep structures of the Bohai part of the Tanlu fault zone and their dynamic implications. J Heifei Univ Technol (Nat Sci) 30(6):663–667 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Stein RS, Barka AA, Dieterich JH (1997) Progressive failure on the North Anatolian fault since 1939 by earthquake stress triggering. Geophys Res Lett 128:594–604
Steketee JA (1958) On Volterra’s dislocations in a semi-infinite elastic medium. Can J Phys 36:192–205
Sun W (1992) Potential and gravity changes caused by dislocations in spherically symmetric E arth models. Bull Earthquake Res Inst Univ Tokyo 67:89–238
Sun W (2012) Seismic dislocation theory. Science Press Chapter 3:78-92
Sun W, Okubo S (1993) Surface potential and gravity changes due to internal dislocations in a spherical Earth-1. Theory for a point dislocation. Geophys J Int 114:569–592
Sun JL, Wu HC (1984) The recent characteristics of Earthquake Activity of Yinshan-Yanshan Seismic zone. North China Earthquake Sci 2(1):6–4 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Sun W, Okubo S, Vanicek P (1996) Global displacement caused by dislocations in a realistic Earth model. J Geophys Res 101:8561–8577
Sun W, Okubo S, Fu G (2009) General formulations of global co-seismic deformations caused by an arbitrary dislocation in a spherically symmetric Earth model-Applicable to deformed earth surface and space-fixed point. Geophys J Int 177:P817–833
Thorne L, Charles JA, Kanamori H, Lian X, Marina JK (2011) Possible large near-trench slip during the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Earth Planets Space 63:687–692
Toda S, Lin J, Stein RS (2011) Using the 2011Mw9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake to test the Coulomb stress triggering hypothesis and to calculate faults brought closer to failure. Earth Planets Space 63:725–730
Wan YG, Shen ZZ, Zeng YH, Sheng SZ (2007) Evolution of cumulative coulomb failure stress in Northeastern Qinhai-Xizhang Tibetan plateau and its effect on large earthquake occurrence. Acta Seismol Sin 29(2):115–129 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang SY, Chen PS (1980) A numerical simulation of the present tectonic stress field of China and its vicinity. Chinese J Geophys 23(1):35–45 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang CH, Qian RH, Sun JX (1982a) The formation of Fenwei rift valley and experimental study on its seismic activity.//Active faults in China. Seismological Publishing House, Beijng, pp 141–146, in Chinese with English abstract
Wang R, Huang JP, Sun XY, An O, Guo SF, Song HZ, Pan SD, Huang QH, Shen SM, Yang JH (1982b) Simulation of seismic tectonic stress field of north China region. Sci.China Earth Sci Series B(4):337-344. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang R, Lorenzo-Martin F, Roth F (2006) PSGRN/PSCMP-A new code for calculating co- and post-seismic deformation, geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelastic-gravitational dislocation theory. Comput Geosci 32(4):527–541
Wang GM, Zhao DP, Zhang GB (2008a) Detailed structure of the subducting Pacific slab beneath the Japan islands and Japan sea. Earth Sci Front 15(1):222–231 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang LJ, Zhou CJ, Sun DS, Wu ZH, Wang W (2008b) Coulomb stress changes caused by Wenchuan earthquake and its influence on seismic activity in the adjacent areas. J Geomech 14(3):193–199 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang M, Li Q, Wang F, Zhang R, Wang YZ, Shi HB, Zhang PZ, Shen ZK (2011a) Far-field coseismic displacements associated with the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan observed by Global Positioning System. Chinese Sci Bull 56(20):1593–1596
Wang Y, Wu XP, Zhao T (2011b) Influence of source parameters of the 2011Yushu earthquake on its Coulomb failures stress calculation and on aftershock activity. Acta seismol Sin 33(5):595–604 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang YB, Jin HL, Fu GY, Meng GJ (2012) Estimation of co-seismic slip distribution of the 2011 Tohoku-Oki Mw9.0 earthquake using Yahubi & Massu’ura’s inverse method. Chinese J. Geophys J R Astron Soc 55(8):2551–2560 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wang LJ, Wang HC, Wang W, Sun DS, Cui JW, Qiao ZJ, Zhao WH, Guo BB (2013) Modeling of the Co-seismic displacement field and stress field of Mw9.0 earthquake in Japan by Finite element method. Acta Geosci Sin 34(6):665–670 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xiang HF, Wang XC, Guo SM, Hao SJ, Zhang H, Wang JH, Li JC, Li RC, Li HW (2000) Integrated survey and investigation on the Quaternary activity of the Liaocheng-Lankao buried fault. Seismol Geol 22(4):351–359 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xie FR, Cui XF, Zhao JT, Chen QC, Li H (2004) Regional division of the recent tectonic stress field in China and adjacent areas. Chinese J Geophys 47(4):654–662
Xie FR, Chen QC, Cui XF, Li H, Yang SX, Guo QL, Chen LW, Xu ZH, Zhang YS, Dou SQ, Zhao JT, Zhang ZS, Liu CY, Wang GJ (2007) Fundamental database of crustal stress environment in continental China. Prog Geohpys 22(1):131–136 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xin YX (1990) Preliminary seismic risk analysis of Baodi fault. Chinese J Seismol 1:76–78 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu J, Niu LF, Wang CH, Han ZJ (1996) Tangshan-Hejian-Cixian newly-generated seismotectonic zone. Seismol Geol 18(3):193–198 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu J, Song CQ, Chu QZ (1998) Preliminary study on the seismotectonic characters of the Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone. Seismol Geol 20(2):146–154 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu J, Gao ZW, Song CQ, Sun JB (2000) The structural characters of the piedmont fault zone of Taihang mountain. Seismol Geol 22(2):111–122 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu J, Bengang Z, Fengju J, Qing Z, Gao X, Yuejun L, Guoguang C (2012) The recent tectonic stress field of offshore of China mainland and adjacent areas. Earth Sci Front 19(4):1–7
Yagi Y, Fukahata Y (2011) Rupture process of the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku, Japan, earthquakes. Geophys Res Lett 38:L19307
Yagi Y, Nakao A, Kasahara A (2012) Smooth and rapid slip near the Japan Trench during the 2011 Tohoku earthquake revealed by a hybrid back-porjection method. Earth Planet Sci Lett 355:94–101
Yang SM, Nie ZS, Jia ZG, Peng ML (2011) Far field Coseismic caused by the Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University 36(11):1336-1339. (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yang W, Liu J, Cheng J (2013) The impact of the 24 March 2011 Myanmar earthquake (Ms7.2) on seismic structure of Yunnan region. Earth Sci Front 20(3):35–44 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Yokota Y, Kokestu K, Fujii Y (2011) Joint inversion of strong motion, teleseismic, geodetic and tsunami datasets for the rupture process of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. Geophys Res Lett 38:L00G21. doi:10.1029/2011G1050098
Yoshida Y, Hasegawa A, Okada T, Iinuma T, Ito Y, Asano Y (2012) Stress before and after the 2011 great Tohoku-Oki earthquake and induced earthquakes in inland areas of eastern Japan. Geophys Res Lett 39(L03302):1–6
Zhan ZZ, Chen LW, Lu YZ (2011) Crustal dynamic parameters and 3D finite element model of north China. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics 31:28–32, in Chinese with English abstract
Zhang P, Jiang XQ (2000) Focal mechanisms and study on stress field in Liaoning area. Seismol Res Northeast China 16(1):1–7 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang ZQ, Li ZT, Ci TF (1999) An evaluation on the fracture activity of Dun-Mi faulted zone (Erdaodianzi-Dashanzuizi section). Jilin Geol 18(1):51–56 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang YQ, Ma YS, Yang N (2003) Neotectonic activity of the southern marginal fault zone of the Taihangshan mountains and its regional kinematic implications. Seismol Geol 25(2):169–182 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang P, Wang LS, Shi HS, Li LM, Tan HM (2010) The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Shandong Segment of the Tan-Lu Fault zone. Acta Geograph Sin 84(9):1316–1323 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang J, Liu X, Fang Y, Qi L (2012) Changing Characteristics of the deformation field before and after the 2011 Japan 9.0 Earthquake and Earthquake trend in Huabei, China. Earth Sci Rev 32(2):64–72 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhang B, Cheng HH, Shi YL (2015) Calculation of the co-seismic effect of Ms8.1 earthquake, April 25,2015, Nepal. Chinese J. Geophys J R Astron Soc 58(5):1794–1803 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Zhao WF (1982) Active fault system and earthquake of the northeast China //Active faults in China. Seismological Publishing House, Beijng, pp 167–171 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Acknowledgments
This paper is a research product of China Special Research Grant for Non-profit Public Service Project “Study on the regional crustal stability and geological hazards in the nuclear power stations of the eastern coastal China” (12120113012100) and Chinese Geological Survey Project “In stress measurement and monitoring in deep boreholes in the key parts of Beijing regions as well as the geological safety evaluation” (201211096). The researching work received support and assistance from Professors Chunting Liao and Qunce Chen, as well as associate professors An Qimei, and Yujun Sun, Institute of Geo-mechanic, Chinese Academy of Geological Science. Present regional tectonic stress field of the North and Northeast China, from Professors Furen Xie and Xiaofeng Cui, Institute of Crustal Dynamics, Chinese Earthquake Administration are quoted in parts of this paper. Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers also helped us to greatly improve our manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(JPEG 4404 kb)
ESM 2
(JPEG 2908 kb)
ESM 3
(JPEG 3284 kb)
ESM 4
(JPEG 4045 kb)
ESM 5
(JPEG 3481 kb)
ESM 6
(JPEG 2712 kb)
ESM 7
(JPEG 2934 kb)
ESM 8
(JPEG 2048 kb)
ESM 9
(JPEG 2945 kb)
ESM 10
(JPEG 2242 kb)
ESM 11
(JPEG 3935 kb)
ESM 12
(JPEG 2815 kb)
ESM 13
(JPEG 717 kb)
ESM 14
(JPEG 2855 kb)
ESM 15
(JPEG 410 kb)
ESM 16
(DOC 63 kb)
ESM 17
(DOC 104 kb)
ESM 18
(DOC 115 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Feng, C., Zhang, P., Tan, C. et al. Co-seismic and post-seismic effects of the Tohoku-Oki M W 9.0 earthquake in North and Northeast China. J Seismol 20, 333–359 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-015-9530-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-015-9530-z