Abstract
Density-functional theory (DFT) is utilized to study the crystal structure, geometry, and magnetic and electronic properties of the triple perovskites Ba3MRu2O9 (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) in hexagonal phase with space group P63/mmc. Generalized gradient approximation plus Hubbard potential is found to be an effective potential for the treatment of these perovskites. Spin-orbit coupling with Hubbard U (GGA+SOC+U) is also applied to analyze its effect on the understudy compounds. The optimized crystal structures and geometries are consistent with the experimental reported results. The stability of these perovskites is described by cohesive and formation energies. The antiferromagnetic (AFM) nature of all these perovskites is confirmed by stable magnetic phase energies and magnetic susceptibility. The electronic band profiles in the AFM phase and electrical resistivities confirm that these perovskites are metallic in nature. Metallicity as well as magnetism in these compounds is due to d-state electrons of the M and Ru atoms. The metallic AFM nature reveals that these compounds are promising materials for magnetic cloaking, high-speed switching devices, and spintronic applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of Data and Materials
The data used in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Stitzer, K.E., Smith, M.D., Gemmill, W.R., Loye, H.C.Z.: Novel mixed-valent (V/VI) triple perovskite ruthenates: observation of a complex low-temperature structural and magnetic transition. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 13877–13885 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0271781
Kushwaha, A.K., Ugur, S., Güler, M., Guler, E., Gur, G.U.: First principles investigations of structural, elastic, mechanical, electronic and optical properties of triple perovskite Ba2K2Te2O9. Physica B 596, 412404 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412404
Zhang, Y., Ji, V., Xu, K.W.: Structural, electronic and magnetic properties of a symmetrical FeReO terminated (001)-oriented slab of double perovskite Sr2FeReO6. Mater. Chem. Phys. 136, 570–576 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.07.028
Gray, B., Lee, H.N., Liu, J., Chakhalian, J., Freeland, J.W.: Local electronic and magnetic studies of an artificial La2FeCrO6, La2FeCrO6 double perovskite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97(1–3), 013105 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3455323
Rai, D.P., Shankar, A., Ghimire, M.P., Sandeep, R.K., Thapa,: The electronic, magnetic and optical properties of double perovskite A2FeReO6 (A= Sr, Ba) from first principles approach. Comput. Mater. Sci. 101, 313–320 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.01.027
Scott, J.F.: Multiferroic memories. Nat. Mater. 6, 256–257 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1868
Viola, M.C., Alonso, J.A., Pedregosa, J.C., Carbonio, R.E.: Crystal structure and magnetism of the double perovskite Sr3Fe2MoO9: a neutron diffraction study. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 8, 1559–1564 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200400746
Augsburger, M.S., Viola, M.C., Pedregosa, J.C., Carbonio, R.E., Alonso, J.A.: Crystal structure and magnetism of the double perovskites Sr3Fe2TeO9 and Ba3Fe2TeO9: a neutron diffraction study. J. Mater. Chem. 16, 4235–4242 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1039/B607376J
Jungwirth, T., Marti, X., Wadley, P., Wunderlich, J.: Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Nanotech. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/NNANO.2016.18
Rijssenbeek, J.T., Matl, P., Batlogg, B., Ong, N.P., Cava, R.J.: Electrical and magnetic properties of a series of ternary barium metal ruthenates: Ba3MRu2O9.M=Fe Co, Ni, Cu, and In. Phys. Rev. B 58, 10315–10318 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.58.10315
Schaller, H.-U., Kemmler-Sack, S., Z.: On ruthenium perovskites of type Ba2BRuO6 and Ba3BRu2O9 with B = indium, rhodium. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 473, 178–188 (1981). (ISSN 0044-2313)
Donohue, P.C., Katz, L., Ward, R.: The modification of structures of ternary oxides by cation substitution. ii. substitution of various cations for ruthenium in barium ruthenium oxide. Inorg. Chem. 5, 339–342 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50037a002
Byrne, R.C., Moeller, C.W.: Magnetic interactions of ruthenium, rhodium, and iridium in the hexagonal barium titanate structure. J. Solid State Chem. 2, 228–235 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(70)90075-7
Treiber, U., Kemmler-Sack, S., Ehmann, U.: Perovskites with noble metals of type Ba3BM2O9; B = Mg, Fe Co, Ni, Zn, Cd; M = Ru, Ir. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 487, 189–198 (1982). (ISSN 0044-2313)
Lightfoot, P., Battle, P.D.: The crystal and magnetic structures of Ba3NiRu2O9 Ba3CoRu2O9 and Ba3ZrRu2O9. J. Solid State Chem. 89, 174–183 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4596(90)90309-L
Rijssenbeek, J.T., Huang, Q., Erwin, R.W., Zandbergen, H.W., Cava, R.J.: The crystal structure of Ba3CuRu2O9 and comparison to Ba3MRu2O9 (M=In Co, Ni, and Fe). J. Solid State Chem. 146, 65–72 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1006/jssc.1999.8309
Blaha, P., Schwarz, K., Tran, F., Laskowski, R., Madsen, G.K.H., Marks, L.D.: WIEN2k, an augmented plane wave + local orbital program for calculating properties of solids. J. Chem. Phys. 152(1–30), 074101 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(90)90187-6
Perdew, J.P., Burka, K., Ernzerhof, M.: Genralized gradient approximation made sample. Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865–3868 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.3865
Dudarev, S., Botton, G., Savrasov, S., Humphreys, C., Sutton, A.: Electron-energy-loss spectra and the structural stability of nickel oxide: an LSDA+U study. Phys. Rev. B 57, 1505–1509 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.1505
Koelling, D., Harmon, B.N.: A technique for relativistic spin-polarised calculations. J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 10, 3107–3114 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/10/16/019
Madsen, G.K.H., Montana, J.C., Verstraete, M.J.: BoltzTraP2, a program for interpolating band structures and calculating semi-classical transport coefficients. Comput. Phys. Commun. 231, 140–145 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2006.03.007
Moruzzi, V.L., Janak, J.F., Williams, A.R.: Calculated electronic properties of metals. Pergamon, New York (1978)
Birch, F.: Finite elastic strain of cubic crystals. Phys. Rev. 71(11), 809–824 (1947). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.71.809
Mehmood, S., Ali, Z., Khan, I., Ahmad, I.: Effects of cobalt substitution on the physical properties of the perovskite strontium ferrite. Mater. Chem. Phys. 196, 222–228 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.04.065
Bhalla, A.S., Guo, R., Roy, R.: The perovskite structure – a review of its role in ceramic science and technology. Mater. Res. Innovat. 4, 3–26 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s100190000062
Johnsson, M., Lemmens, P.: “Crystallography and chemistry of perovskites” Wiley. Hoboken (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470022184.hmm411
Raghuvanshi, S., Mazaleyrat, F., Kane, S.N.: Mg1-xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles: interplay between cation distribution and magnetic properties. AIP Adv. 8(1–11), 047804 (2018)
Mehmood, S., Ali, Z.: DFT study of the spin glass and ferrimagnetism in quadruple perovskites CaCu3B2Ir2O12 (B = Mn, Fe Co, and Ni) for spintronic applications. Appl. Phys. A 129, 76 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-022-06352-9
Retegan, M., Jafri, S.F., Curti, L., Lisnard, L., Otero, E.: Orbital magnetic moment and single-ion magnetic anisotropy of the S = 1/2 K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] compound: a case where the orbital magnetic moment dominates the spin magnetic moment. Inorg. Chem. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02158. (hal-04279692)
Chen, X., Bai, H., Ji, Y., et al.: Control of spin current and antiferromagnetic moments via topological surface state. Nat Electron 5, 574–578 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41928-022-00825-8
Jungwirth, T., Marti, X., Wadley, P., Wunderlich, J.: Antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 231–241 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.18
Mehmood, S., Ali, Z.: New anti-ferromagnetic tri-transition quaternary perovskites for magnetic cloaking and spintronic applications. Mater. Chem. Phys. 282(18), 125915 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.125915
Alharbi, F.F., Mehmood, S., Ali, Z., Aman, S., Khosa, R.Y., Kostishyn, V.G., Trukhanov, S.V., Sayyed, M.I., Tishkevich, D.I., Trukhanov, Alex V.: First principles calculation to investigate the effect of Mn substitution on Cu site in CeCu3-xMnxV4O12 (x = 0, 1, 2 and 3) system. RSC Adv 13, 12973 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra00263b
Alwadai, N., Mehmood, S., Ali, Z., Al-Buriahi, M.S., Alomairy, S., Khosa, R.Y., Alrowaili, Z.A., Somaily, H.H., Aman, S., Farid, H.M.T.: Structural, electronic, elastic and magnetic properties of Ln3QIn (Ln = Ce, Pr and Nd; Q = C and N) anti-perovskites. J. Electron. Mater. 51, 2819–2827 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-022-09543-5
Jungwirth, T., Sinova, J., Manchon, A., Marti, X., Wunderlich, J., Felser, C.: The multiple directions of antiferromagnetic spintronics. Nat. Phys. 14, 200–203 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0063-6
Mehmood, S., Ali, Z., Alwadai, N., Huwayz, M.A., Buriahi, M.S.A., Trukhanov, S.V., Tishkevich, D.I., Trukhanov, A.V.: Combined first principles and Heisenberg model studies of ferrimagnetic Tri-transition quaternary perovskites CaCu3B2Re2O12 (B = Mn, Fe Co, and Ni). J. Phys. Chem. Solids 174, 111162 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2022.111162
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Rahman Zada: writing—original draft preparation, formal analysis, writing visualization. Zahid Ali: supervision, project administration, conceptualization, methodology. Shahid Mehmood: formal analysis, plotting graphs, writing—reviewing and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Competing Interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Zada, R., Ali, Z. & Mehmood, S. DFT Study of the Antiferromagnetic Barium Ruthenate Triple Perovskites Ba3MRu2O9 (M = Fe, Co, and Ni) for Spintronic Applications. J Supercond Nov Magn (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-024-06749-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-024-06749-y