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Physical Characterization, Optical Properties, and Magnetic Interactions of Cadmium-Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles

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Abstract

The physical characterization and magnetic interactions of cadmium-doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles \(\left({\mathrm{Zn}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{Cd}}_{x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{4},x \le 10\%\right)\) have been studied. The samples were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique and analyzed for the structural phases, morphological, mechanical, optical, and magnetic properties using XRD, SEM, FTIR, DRS, PL, and VSM techniques. The spinel structure’s lattice parameters increased, and the size of the nanoparticles increased with the additional quantity of the dopant. SEM images revealed the existence of spherical particles with an average particle size of 36.32–39.57 nm. FTIR spectral analysis indicated the existence of absorption bands of metal oxide at higher and lower frequency regimes due to the stretching vibrations of both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. Diffuse reflectance spectral analysis (DRS) was used to measure the bandgap energies with the estimated values of 1.897, 2.012, 2.027, and 2.036 eV, which increased as the dopant concentration increased. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra for the emission wavelengths range from 485 to 478 nm with emission energies of 2.56–2.60 eV for the PL peaks. The magnetic properties were determined by employing a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) with an applied magnetic field up to 50 kOe at low and room temperatures (4 and 300 K). The magnetic hysteresis loops show a decrease in magnetic saturation from 36.458 to 6.682 emu/g, large coercivity and magneto-crystalline anisotropies at 4 K, and a decrease in magnetic moments and permeabilities with the doping of \({\mathrm{Cd}}^{2+}\) ions. Interionic and magnetic interactions were explained by the Yafet–Kittel (YK) model.

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Acknowledgements

This research is financially supported by the Pakistan Academy of Sciences (PAS). Dr. M. Nawaz Khan is acknowledged for technical discussion and help in computer programming. Syed Ikram Naqvi is acknowledged for checking references and critical reading.

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    Aamir Mahmood & Asghari Maqsood

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Mahmood, A., Maqsood, A. Physical Characterization, Optical Properties, and Magnetic Interactions of Cadmium-Doped Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles. J Supercond Nov Magn 35, 3379–3395 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-022-06367-6

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