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Topological Structures in Unconventional Scenario for 2D Cuprates

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Abstract

Numerous experimental data point to cuprates as d-d charge transfer unstable systems whose description implies the inclusion of the three many-electron valence states CuO\(_{4}^{7-,6-,5-}\) (nominally Cu1+,2+,3+) on an equal footing as a well-defined charge triplet. We introduce a minimal model to describe the charge degree of freedom in cuprates with the on-site Hilbert space reduced to only the three states and make use of the S = 1 pseudospin formalism. The formalism constitutes a powerful method to study complex phenomena in interacting quantum systems characterized by the coexistence and competition of various ordered states. Overall, such a framework provides a simple and systematic methodology to predict and discover new kinds of orders. In particular, the pseudospin formalism provides the most effective way to describe different topological structures, in particular, due to a possibility of a geometrical two-vector description of the on-site states. We introduce and analyze effective pseudospin Hamiltonian with on-site and inter-site charge correlations, two types of a correlated one-particle transfer and two-particle, or the composite boson transfer. The latter is of a principal importance for the HTSC perspectives. The 2D S = 1 pseudospin system is prone to a creation of different topological structures, which form topologically protected inhomogeneous distributions of the eight local S = 1 pseudospin order parameters. We present a short overview of localized topological structures, typical for S = 1 (pseudo)spin systems, focusing on unexpected antiphase domain walls in parent cuprates and so-called quadrupole skyrmion, which are believed to be candidates for a topological charge excitation in parent or underdoped cuprates. Puzzlingly, these unconventional structures can be characterized by an uniform distribution of the mean on-site charge, that makes these invisible for X-rays. Quasi-classical approximation and computer simulation are applied to analyze localized topological defects and evolution of the domain structures in “negative-U” model under charge order-superfluid phase transition.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors (ASM) would like to thank A. Bianconi, R. Micnas, A. Menushenkov, and S.-L. Drechsler for helpful discussions. The work supported by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, agreement No 02.A03.21.0006 and by the Ministry of Education and Science, projects 2277 and 5719.

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    A. S. Moskvin & Yu. D. Panov

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Moskvin, A.S., Panov, Y.D. Topological Structures in Unconventional Scenario for 2D Cuprates. J Supercond Nov Magn 32, 61–84 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-018-4896-0

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