Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of spiritual orientations and religious attitudes on coping with the difficulties of family caregivers of people with Parkinson’s disease. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 113 family caregivers of people with Parkinson’s disease who came to be examined in the Neurology outpatient clinic of a Training and Research Hospital in Türkiye between July and September 2023. Data were obtained using a Patient and Family Caregivers Information Form, the Spiritual Orientation Scale (SOS), and the Ok-Religious Attitude Scale (Islam) (ORASI). The mean age of the family caregivers was 55.6 ± 14.2, the SOS total mean score was 89.1 ± 16.2, and the ORASI total score mean was 34.4 ± 4.0. It was determined that 61.1% of the caregivers experienced changes psychologically, 57.5% in their social life, 58.4% in their home life, and 57.5% in their family relationships. A statistically significant relationship was detected between the ORASI of family caregivers who experienced financial and physical distress and the SOS of those who experienced physical and psychological distress (p < 0.05). It was determined that family caregivers of people with Parkinson’s disease were affected in many areas physically, socially, and psychologically and that their spiritual orientation and religious attitudes were effective in coping with the problems experienced. Training and support programs are recommended for nurses to develop positive religious attitudes, increase their spiritual orientation and reduce the care burden, taking into account the beliefs and values of family caregivers.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Boscaglia, N., Clarke, D. M., Jobling, T. W., & Quinn, M. A. (2005). The contribution of spirituality and spiritual coping to anxiety and depression in women with a recent diagnosis of gynecological cancer. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer, 15(5), 755–761. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1438.2005.00248.x
Bostancı Daştan. N., & Buzlu, S. (2010). The effects of spirituality in breast cancer patients and spiritual care. Maltepe University Journal of Nursing Science and Art, 3(1), 73- 78. https://openaccess.maltepe.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12415/5407
Boztilki, M., & Ardıç, E. (2017). Spirituality and health. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing, 3(Supp 1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.5222/jaren.2017.1008
Çelimli, Ç., & Tozlu Güldal, Ş. (2016). Manevi yönelimli danışmanlık ile psikoterapi yöntem ve teknikleri: Doğu ve Batıdan örnekler. İçinde: Ekşi, H., Çınar, K. (Eds.), Manevi Yönelimli Psikoterapi ve Psikolojik Danışma’da. (ss 106–107). Kaktüs Yayınları. [In Turkish]
Cirhinlioğlu, F. G. (2020). Din Psikolojisi. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. [In Turkish]
Cufta, M. (2013). The role of religious faiths on coping with cancer illness (Sample Kosovo). The Journal of Balkan Studies, 4(1), 9–30. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bad1/issue/29478/316208.
Dekawaty, A., Malini, H., & Fernandes, F. (2019). Family experiences as a caregiver for patients with Parkinson’s disease: A qualitative study. Journal of Research in Nursing, 24(5), 317–327. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987118816361
Ekşi, H., Kaya, Ç., & Çiftçi, M. (2016). Maneviyat ve Psikolojik Danışma. İçinde: Ekşi, H., Kaya, Ç. (Eds), Maneviyat Yönelimli Psikoterapi ve Psikolojik Dayanışma’da, (ss 15–26). Kaktüs Yayınları. [In Turkish]
Geerlings, A. D., Kapelle, W. M., Sederel, C. J., Tenison, E., Wijngaards-Berenbroek, H., Meinders, M. J., Munneke, M., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Bloem, B. R., & Darweesh, S. K. L. (2023). Caregiver burden in Parkinson’s disease: A mixed-methods study. BMC Medicine, 21(247), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02933-4
Gumber, A., Ramaswamy, B., & Thongchundee, O. (2019). Effects of Parkinson’s on employment, cost of care, and quality of life of people with condition and family caregivers in the UK: A systematic literature review. Patient Related Outcome Measures, 10, 321–333. https://doi.org/10.2147/2FPROM.S160843
Kasapoğlu, F. (2015). Development of spiritual orientation scale: The study of validity and reliability. Inonu University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 16(3), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.17679/iuefd.16360640
King, J. J., Badger, T. A., Segrin, C., & Thomson, C. A. (2023). Loneliness, spirituality, and health-related quality of life in hispanic english-speaking cancer caregivers: A qualitative approach. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01880-x
Koljack, C. E., Miyasaki, J., Prizer, L. P., Katz, M., Galifianakis, N., Sillau, S. H., & Kluger, B. M. (2022). Predictors of spiritual well-being in family caregivers for ındividuals with parkinson’s disease. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 25(4), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2020.0797
Kwok, J. Y. Y., Huang, T.-W., Tretriluxana, J., Auyeung, M., Chau, P. H., Lin, C.-C., & Chan, H. Y. L. (2021). Symptom burden and unmet support needs of patients with parkinson’s disease: A cross-sectional study in Asia-Pacific regions. The Journal of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine, 22(6), 1255–1264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.09.012
Lennaerts, H., Steppe, M., Munneke, M., Meinders, M. J., van der Steen, J. T., den Brand, M. V., & Groot, M. (2019). Palliative care for persons with Parkinson’s disease: A qualitative study on the experiences of health care professionals. BMC Palliative Care, 18, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-019-0441-6
Navarta-Sanchez, M. V., Garcia, J. M. S., Riverol, M., Sesma, M. E. U., Ayesa, S. D. C., Bravo, S. A., & Portillo, M. C. (2016). Factors influencing psychosocial adjustment and quality of life in Parkinson patients and informal caregivers. Quality of Life Research, 25, 1959–1968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-015-1220-3
Ok, Ü (2011). Religious attitude scale: Scale development and validation. International Journal of Human Sciences, 8(2), 529–549. https://www.j-humansciences.com/ojs/index.php/IJHS/article/view/1936/791.
Özdilek, B., Bozkurt, S., & Günal, D. (2022). Psychological distress among caregivers of patients with parkinson’s disease assessed with SCL-90-R self-reported questionnaire. Turkish Journal of Neurology, 28, 182–187. https://doi.org/10.4274/tnd.2022.27813
Perepezko, K. M., Gallo, J. J., Pontone, G. M., Hinkle, J. T., & Mills, K. A. (2023). Association of caregiver strain with the trajectory of quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders, 108, 105292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105292
Reynolds, D. (2017). Spirituality as a coping mechanism for individuals with Parkinson’s disesase. Journal of Christian Nursing, 34(3), 190–194. https://doi.org/10.1097/CNJ.0000000000000392
Rezaeipandari, H., Morowatisharifabad, M. A., & Shaghaghi, A. (2023). Religious and spiritual coping elements in dealing with chronic diseases: A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of older Iranian Zoroastrians. Journal of Religion and Health, 62, 3017–3041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01797-5
Seshadri, S., Sugiura, K., Mirham, M., Aamodt, W. W., & Kluger, B. M. (2023). Spirituality and spiritual distress in Parkinson’s disease caregivers: A scoping review. Journal of Religion and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01913-5
Smith, E. R., Perrin, P. B., Carmen, M. T., Lageman, S. K., & Villasenor, T. (2019). Parkinson’s symptoms and caregiver burden and mental health: a cross-cultural mediational model. Hindawi Behavioural Neurology. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1396572
Tan, Q. Y., Cox, N. J., Lim, S. E. R., Coutts, L., Fraser, S. D. S., Roberts, H. C., & Ibrahim, K. (2021). The experiences of treatment burden in people with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers: A systematic review of qualitative studies. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease, 11, 1597–1617. https://doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212612
Tan, Q. Y., Roberts, H. C., Fraser, S. D. S., Amar, K., & Ibrahim, K. (2023). What are the modifiable factors of treatment burden and capacity among people with Parkinson’s disease and their caregivers: A qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 18(3), e0283713. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283713
Tan, S. B., Williams, A. F., Tan, E. K., Clark, R. B., & Morris, M. E. (2020). Parkinson’s disease caregiver strain in Singapore. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 455. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00455
Türkben Polat, H., & Kiyak, E. (2023). Spiritual well-being and care burden in caregivers of patients with breast cancer in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 62, 1950–1963. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01695-2
Yeşil, T., Çetinkaya Ulusoy, E., & Korkmaz, M. (2016). Examining of the life quality and care burden of those who are looking after the patients suffering from chronic diseases. Gümüşhane University Journal of Health Sciences, 5(4), 54–66. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gumussagbil/issue/32262/358446.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all the participants.
Funding
This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
SŞ, SC, SCÇ were ınvolved in concept, design, resource, literature search, writing and others ; SŞ, SCÇ contributed to supervision and materials ; ; SC was ınvolved in data collection and/or processing; SCÇ contributed to analysis and/or interpretation; ; SŞ, SCÇ contributed to critical reviews.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical Approval
Ethics committee approval was gained from the Ethics Committee for Non-Interventional Clinical Studies at Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University (Decision Number: GO 2023/205). Written permission was obtained from the hospital where the study was conducted (Number: E-38244951–604.01.01–219662925; Date: 12.07.2023).
Informed Consent
Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Şentürk, S., Can, S. & Cicek, S.C. The Effect of Spiritual Orientations and Religious Attitudes on Coping with the Difficulties Encountered by Family Caregivers of People with Parkinson’s Disease in Türkiye. J Relig Health 62, 4278–4296 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01941-1
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-023-01941-1