Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Spiritual Well-Being and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world, generating important socioeconomic and cultural impacts. Spirituality has been associated with the main risk factors for acute myocardial infarction, influencing lifestyle, and drug treatment compliance. Estimate the level of spiritual well-being and its association with coronary artery disease. We conducted a case–control study with 88 adults (42 cases and 46 controls) individually interviewed. Using a spiritual well-being scale and collecting socioeconomic and demographic information. We compared groups by Chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests. Friedman’s analysis of variance was used to evaluate the differences between the values assigned to the scale items in each group. Statistically, there was no significant difference between categories and levels of spiritual well-being in any of the groups. Both had high rates, driven by the high level of religious well-being. There was no difference between the rates attributed to the items on the subscale of religious well-being, in the case or control groups (p = 0.959 and p = 0.817). However, the existential well-being subscale revealed variability between the scores attributed to each item in both groups (p < 0.001). The results revealed a high level of spiritual well-being in the analyzed sample. There was no correlation between the levels of spiritual, religious, and existential well-being with coronary artery disease, possibly due to the reduced ability of the religious well-being subscale to discriminate between groups.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alexander, M.-A. (2012). Implicações dos estudos brasileiros em psiquiatria e espiritualidade. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 39(5), 181. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832012000500008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, M.-A., Ilana, P., Marcos, Z., & Ronaldo, L. (2010). Envolvimento religioso e fatores sociodemográficos: Resultados de um levantamento nacional no Brasil. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 37(1), 12–15. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832010000100003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandre, V. S. M., Rosa, S. P. L., de Jesus, M. J., & Lessa, H. B. (2003). Relação entre bem-estar espiritual e transtornos psiquiátricos menores: Estudo transversal. Revista de Saúde Pública, 37(4), 440–445. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000400008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amour, J. M., Samuel, N., Hayley, H., Bruna, B., Denise, G., da Gloria Miotto, W. M., et al. (2015). Spirituality, gender, and drug use among students from one University in Barbados. Texto & Contexto—Enfermagem, 24(spe), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072015001140014.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Avezum, Á., Piegas, L. S., & Pereira, J. C. R. (2005). Fatores de Risco Associados com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Uma Região Desenvolvida em um País em Desenvolvimento (Vol. 84, No. 3). Março: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia.

  • Bekelman, et al. (2007). Spiritual well-being and depression in heart failure. Society of General Internal Medicine, 22, 470–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bergh, C., Udumyan, R., Fall, K., Almroth, H., & Montgomery, S. (2015). Stress resilience and physical fitness in adolescence and risk of coronary heart disease in middle age. Heart, 101(8), 623–629. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2014-306703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatnagar, P., Wickramasinghe, K., Williams, J., Rayner, M., & Townsend, N. (2015). The epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in the UK 2014. Heart, 101(15), 1182–1189. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2015-307516.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boletim Eletrônico da CEInfo Edição Especial. (2013). Mortalidade 2013Aspectos da mortalidade no município de São Paulo, Fevereiro/2015 Ano 6.

  • Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. (2015). Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. [Acesso 8 out2015]. Disponível em: http://portal.saude.gov.br/saude.

  • Bufford, R. K., Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1991). Norms for the spiritual well-being scale. Journal of Psychology & Theology, 19, 56–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burg, M. M., Meadows, J., Shimbo, D., Davidson, K. W., Schwartz, J. E., & Soufer, R. (2014). Confluence of depression and acute psychological stress among patients with stable coronary heart disease: Effects on myocardial perfusion. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 3(6), e000898. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.114.000898.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carmen, D. E., & Maria, B. S. (2012). Transição demográfica e epidemiológica: A Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde revisita e atualiza o tema. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 21(4), 529–532. https://doi.org/10.5123/S1679-49742012000400001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, R., Poppe, K., Peterson, D., Every-Palmer, S., Soosay, I., & Jackson, R. (2019). Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk among people with severe mental illness: A cohort study. PLoS ONE, 14(9), e0221521. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221521.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • DCNT. (2011). Plano de ações estratégicas para o enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) no Brasil 2011–2022. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (p. 160). Brasília: Departamento de Análise de Situação de Saúde, Ministério da Saúde (Série B. Textos Básicos de Saúde).

  • de Souza, G. A. M., & Cristina, P. S. (2009). Adaptação transcultural e avaliação da consistência interna da versão em português da Spirituality Self Rating Scale (SSRS). Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 36(1), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832009000100002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandes, M. L., Castellá, S. J., & Dalbosco, D. A. D. (2009). Adaptação e validação da Escala de Bem-estar Espiritual (EBE): Adaptation and validation of Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWS). Avaliação Psicológica, 8(2), 179–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giancarlo, L., de Camargo, A. L. G., & Lamas, G. A. (2010). Espiritualidade no paciente em diálise: o nefrologista deve abordar? Jornal Brasileiro de Nefrologia, 32(1), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-28002010000100020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giancarlo, L., Granero, L. A. L., & Homero, V. (2013). Measuring spirituality and religiosity in clinical research: A systematic review of instruments available in the Portuguese language. Sao Paulo medical journal, 131(2), 112–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hackett, R. A., Hudson, J. L., & Chilcot, J. (2020). Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing. Diabetologia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-020-05258-6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, P. M., Bryson, C. L., & Rumsfeld, J. S. (2009). Medication adherence. Its importance in cardiovascular outcomes. Circulation, 119(23), 3028–3035. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.108.768986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holt-Lunstad, J., Steffen, P. R., Sandberg, J., & Jensen, B. (2011). Understanding the connection between spiritual well-being and physical health: An examination of ambulatory blood pressure, inflammation, blood lipids and fasting glucose. Behavioral Medicine, 34, 477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9343-7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joanne, O. K. (2015). Conhecimento necessário para usar o poder da espiritualidade nos cuidados à saúde. Acta Paulista de Enfermagem, 28(2), 3–4. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0194201500017.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keenan, J. (2017). Improving adherence to medication for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 24(3S), 29–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kivimäki, M., Jokela, M., Nyberg, S. T., Singh-Manoux, A., et al. (2015). Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published and unpublished data for 603 838 individuals. Lancet, 386, 1739–1746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. G. (2012). Religion, spirituality and health: The research and clinical implications. ISRN Psychiatry, 2012, 33. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/278730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lanas, F., Avezum, Á., Bautista, L. E., Diaz, R., Luna, M., Islam, S., et al. (2007). Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in Latin America: The INTERHEART Latin American study, for the INTERHEART Investigators in Latin America. Revista Brasileira de Hipertensao, 14(4), 278–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M., Chondros, P., Mihalopoulos, C., Lee, Y. Y., Gun, J. M., Harvey, C., et al. (2020). The assertive cardiac care trial: A randomised controlled trial of a coproduced assertive cardiac care intervention to reduce absolute cardiovascular disease risk in people with severe mental illness in the primary care setting. Contemporary Clinical Trials. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2020.106143.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Zhang, M., Loerbroks, A., Peter, A., & Siegrist, J. (2015). Work stress and the risk of recurrent coronary heart disease events: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 28(1), 8–19. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13382-014-0303-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lucchese, F. A., & Koenig, H. G. (2013). Religion, spirituality and cardiovascular disease: Research, clinical implications, and opportunities in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, 28(1), 103–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meijer, A., et al. (2011). Prognostic association of depression following myocardial infarction with mortality and cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of 25 years of research. General Hospital Psychiatry, 33, 203–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, P. J., Wilson, K., & Iqbal, N. (2015). Depressive symptoms and spiritual wellbeing in asymptomatic heart failure patients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(3), 407–415. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-014-9615-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ministério da Saúde (BR). (2012). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Saúde Brasil 2012: uma análise da situação de saúde e dos 40 anos do Programa Nacional de Imunização, Brasília (DF).

  • Park, C. L., Lim, H., Suresh, D. P., & Bliss, D. E. (2014). Dimensions of religiousness and spirituality as predictors of well-being in advanced chronic heart failure patients. Journal of Religion and Health, 53, 579–590.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penna, G. H., & Álvaro, A. (2007). O impacto da espiritualidade na saúde física. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 34(Suppl 1), 88–94. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832007000700012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plante, T. B., Koh, I., Judd, S. E., Howard, G., Howard, V. J., Zakai, N. A., et al. (2020). Life’s simple 7 and incident hypertension: The REGARDS study. Journal of the American Heart Association. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.120.016482.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rankinen, T., Sarzynski, M. A., Ghosh, S., & Bouchard, C. (2015). Are there genetic paths common to obesity, cardiovascular disease outcomes, and cardiovascular risk factors? Circulation Research, 116(5), 909–922.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sens IBGE. (2010). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (BR). Censo Demográfico 2010: Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência, Brasil.

  • Siegel, S. E., & Castellan, N. J., Jr. (2006). Estatística não paramétrica para ciências do comportamento (p. 448). Porto Alegre: Segunda edição, Artmed.

    Google Scholar 

  • Souto, A. J., Adams, G. L., Hoefel, N. A., Brugalli, Z. M. C., et al. (2016). Association between spirituality and adherence to management in outpatients with heart failure. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 106(6), 491–501. https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20160076.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tauanay, T. C. D., et al. (2012). Validação da versão brasileira da escala de religiosidade de Duke (DUREL). Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica, 39(4), 130–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yusuf, S., Rangarajan, S., Teo, K., Islam, S., Li, W., Liu, L., et al. (2014). Cardiovascular risk and events in 17 low-, middle-, and high-income countries. New England Journal of Medicine, 371, 818–827. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1311890.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zangiacomi, M. E., dos Santos, A. R. G., Rodrigues, G. F., & de Duarte, C. A. C. (2013). Notas sobre a versão em língua portuguesa da Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual. Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, 62(1), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0047-20852013000100010.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Santo Amaro University, São Paulo, Brazil

    Rodrigo de Eston Armond, Jane de Eston Armond & Cintia Leci Rodrigues

  2. Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Tulio Konstantyner

Authors
  1. Rodrigo de Eston Armond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jane de Eston Armond
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tulio Konstantyner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Cintia Leci Rodrigues
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jane de Eston Armond.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

de Eston Armond, R., de Eston Armond, J., Konstantyner, T. et al. Spiritual Well-Being and Its Association with Coronary Artery Disease. J Relig Health 61, 467–478 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01115-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01115-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation