Abstract
In dealing with adolescents-at-risk who are involved in misconduct, the religious factor can be an effective approach. The objective of this research is to study the religious factor as a mediator in dealing with misconduct of adolescents-at-risk. This research is a survey study by design. The method used is quantitative through questionnaire using Likert scale. A study was done on 556 respondents comprising of adolescents within the range of ages 13 to 24 years. Factor analysis finds two main domains in misconduct of adolescents-at-risk, that is, family dysfunction and lack of religiosity. Mediation analysis is used to determine whether the religious factor may become the mediator for adolescent misconduct. Results of regression analysis show that the factor of family dysfunction contributes higher to the misconduct of adolescent-at-risk in comparison with the factor of religiosity. However, the issue of dysfunctional family itself is related with the lack of religiosity within family. A family which is concerned about religious education and practice will reduce the opportunity for adolescents to be involved in misconduct. Hence, to further empower the role of the religious factor in dealing with adolescents-at-risk, the family plays an important role in applying religious aspects in order for adolescents to be able to control themselves from any misconduct. Thus, results of mediation analysis show that 0.275 states the religious factor is a mediator for misconduct of adolescents-at-risk. This research will also focus on the relationship between lack of religiosity among adolescents, how it is related to dysfunctional family and how religiosity can be a mediator to reduce misconduct of adolescent-at-risk.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ah, S. H. A. B., & Zakaria, A. H. (2009). Perlindungan Kanak-kanak Berisiko (Protection of Children-at-risk). Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Al-Aisawiyy, M. A. (1988). Musykilāt al-syabāb al-Jinsiyyah. Beirūt: Muassasah al-Risālah.
Al-Nasir, & Darwish, K. (1997). Tarbiyyah al-Murāhiq fi Rihāb al-Islam. Dar Ibn Hāzim: Beirūt.
Al-Syantūt, K. A. (1993). Tarbiyyah al-Syabab al-Muslim. Jeddah: Dār al-Mujtama.
Al-Zarrad, F. M. K. (1997). Mushkilāt al-Murāhiqah wa al-Syabāb. Beyrūt: Dār al-Nafāis.
Bahr, S. J., Maughan, S. L., Marcos, A. C., & Li, B. (1998). Family, religiosity, and the risk of adolescent drug use. Journal of Marriage and Family.,60(4), 979–992.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development:Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Chen, Y., & Vanderweele, T. J. (2018). Associations of religious upbringing with subsequent health and well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: An outcome-wide analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology,187(11), 2355–2364.
Crystal, A. M., Estrada, M. F., Lomboy, T. C., Gregoria, E. R., Jr., Amalia, E., Cynthia, R. L., et al. (2019). Religious education can contribute to adolescent mental health in school settings. International Journal of Mental Health Systems.,13(28), 5.
Dakir, J., Tibek, S. R., Awal, N. A. M., Ismail, K. H., Sham, F. M., Jamal, J., & Hanapi, R. M. (2009). Kajian Sahsiah Belia Bermasalah Di Malaysia (Study of Troubled Youth’s Personality in Malaysia) UKM: Institut Islam Hadhari.
Ecklund, E. H., & Lee, K. S. (2011). Atheists and agnostics negotiate religion and family. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion.,50(4), 728–743.
Fahmiyy, M. (1967). al-Sihlah al-Nafsiyyah fi al-Usrah wa al-Madrasah wa al-Mujtama'. al-Qahirah: Dar al-Thaqafah.
Francis, L. J. (1993). Parental influence and adolescent religiosity: A study of church attendance and attitude toward christianity among adolescents 11 to 12 and 15 to 16 years old. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion.,3(4), 241–253.
Ganaprakasam, C., & Hutagalung, F. D. (2018). Religion on psychological well-being and self-efficacy among secondary school students. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications.,8(5), 39.
Ismail, K. H., & Anwar, K. (2011). Psikologi Islam: Suatu Pendekatan Psikometrik Remaja Berisiko (Islamic Psychology: An Approach to Psychometric for At-Risk Adolescence). UKM Bangi, 8(1).
Kandiah, M. (1983). Juvenile rule-breakers, pattern in their social background and rehabilitation approaches. Jurnal Kebajikan Masyarakat. 4.
Kasimin, A. (1993). Masalah Sosial dan Pendidikan Agama(Social Problems and Religious Education). Kuala Lumpur: Dinie Publishers.
Kopko, K. (2007). Parenting styles and adolescents. Cornell: Cornell Cooperative Extension.
Kraussa, S. E., Ismailb, I. A., Suandib, T., Hamzahb, A., Hamzahb, S. R., Dahalana, D., et al. (2013). Parenting and community engagement factors as predictors of religiosity among muslim adolescents from Malaysia. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion.,23(2), 87–102.
Mahfodz, M. Y. (2008). Pengamalan dan penghayatan ajaran Islam di Kalangan Remaja Islam (Islamic Practices and Religiosity among Muslim Adolescents). Kajian di Pusat Perlindungan Wanita Baitul Ehsan, Selangor (Study at Baitul Ehsan Women’s Shelter, Selangor).
Mojahed, A. (2014). Religiosity and preventing risky behaviors. International Journal of High Risk Behaviors and Addiction.,3(3), 1–6.
Nazim, A. M., & Sham, F. M. (2016). Remaja berisiko dan Peranan NGO Wanita(Adolescents-at-risk and the Role of Women NGO). Terengganu: UnisZa Press.
Niewiadomska, I., Bartczuk, R. P., Chwaszcz, J., Fel, S., Augustynowicz, W., Palacz-Chrisidis, A., et al. (2015). Religiosity as a factor protecting against problem behaviour in adolescence. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration,21(1–2), 84.
Sham, F. M. (2005). Tekanan Emosi Remaja Islam (Emotional Stress of Muslim Adolescents). Jurnal Islamiyyat,27(1), 3–24.
Sham, F. M., Halim, N. A. A., Rahman, Z. A., Dakir, J., Puteh, A., Kawangit, R., Tibek, S. R., & Aini, Z. (2015). Research Report. The Roles of NGO's to Handling the Social Problem of Adolescents at Risk. Bangi: UKM.
Smith, C. (2003). Theorizing religious effects among American adolescents. Journal for the Scientiflc Study of Religion,42, 17–30.
Sobāhi, M. R. (2002). Jarāim al-Ahdāth. Syria: Dar al-Nawādir.
Uecker, J. E., & Ellison, C. G. (2012). Parental divorce, parental religious characteristics, and religious outcomes in adulthood. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion.,51(4), 777–794.
Zaidan, A. H. (1991). Dawr al-khidmat al-ijtimāciyyah fi al-camal maca al-munharifin-(Al-khidmat al-Ijtimāciyyah fi al-Islām). Dār al-Salām: Al-Qāhirah.
Acknowledgements
The University Research Grant (AP-2017-001/3), UKM.
Funding
I declare that this article is our original write-up. This research fund is from the University Research Grants (Code: AP-2017-001/3).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The finding of the research does not have any conflict of interest with other party.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sham, F.M., Nazim, A.M., Mastor, K.A. et al. Religiosity as Mediator in Reducing Misconduct of Adolescents-at-Risk. J Relig Health 59, 2096–2109 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00951-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00951-2