Skip to main content
Log in

Health Impact of Jewish Religious Observance in the USA: Findings from the 2000–01 National Jewish Population Survey

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Religion and Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Using data from the 2000–01 National Jewish Population Survey (NJPS) (N = 5,148), effects of eight religious measures were investigated in relation to two health outcomes, standard single-item indicators of self-rated health and presence of an activity-limiting health condition. Seven of the religious measures were associated bivariately with one or both health indicators. Through two-step OLS regression of each health indicator onto all of the religious measures, adjusting for age and other sociodemographic correlates, two measures of synagogue involvement remained statistically significant. Follow-up analysis revealed a net health impact of religious observance primarily limited to Orthodox and Conservative Jews.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anon. (1905). Mortality among Jews. British Medical Journal, 2, 734–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anson, O., Antonovsky, A., & Sagy, S. (1990). Religiosity and well-being among retirees: A question of causality. Behavior, Health, and Aging, 1, 85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anson, O., Levenson, A., Maoz, B., & Bonneh, D. Y. (1991). Religious community, individual religiosity, and health: A tale of two kibbutzim. Sociology, 25, 119–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benjamins, M. R., Rhodes, D. M., Carp, J. M., & Whitman, S. (2006). A local community health survey: Findings from a population-based survey of the largest Jewish community in Chicago. Journal of Community Health, 31, 479–495.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Billings, J. S. (1891). Vital statistics of the Jews. North American Review, 153, 70–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, D. A. (1997). God is a verb: Kabbalah and the practice of mystical Judaism. New York, NY: Riverhead Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutter, W. (Ed.). (2007). Healing and the Jewish imagination: Spiritual and practical perspectives on Judaism and health. Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutter, W. (Ed.). (2011). Midrash and medicine: Healing body and soul in the Jewish interpretive tradition. Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • DellaPergola, S. (2005). Was it the demography?: A reassessment of U.S. Jewish population estimates, 1945–2001. Contemporary Jewry, 25, 85–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorff, E. N. (1998). Matters of life and death: A Jewish approach to modern medical ethics. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D. L., & Abrams, J. Z. (Eds.). (1999). Illness and health in the Jewish tradition: Writings from the Bible to today. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedlander, Y., Kark, J. D., & Stein, Y. (1986). Religious orthodoxy and myocardial infarction in Jerusalem—a case-control study. International Journal of Cardiology, 10, 33–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, D. A. (Ed.). (2005). Jewish pastoral care: A practical handbook from traditional & contemporary sources (2nd ed.). Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, D. A. (2008). Jewish visions for aging: A professional guide for fostering wellness. Woodstock, VT: Jewish Lights Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, J. W., Sanborn, J. S., & Slattery, M. L. (1995). Behavioral factors explaining low risk for cervical carcinoma in Utah Mormon women. Epidemiology, 6, 187–189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gelberman, J. H. (2000). Physician of the soul: A modern kabbalist’s approach to health and healing. Freedom, CA: The Crossings Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, L. K., Ellison, C. G., & Larson, D. B. (2002). Explaining the relationships between religious involvement and health. Psychological Inquiry, 13, 190–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, E. (1981). The way of splendor: Jewish mysticism and modern psychology. Boulder, CO: Shambhala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Idler, E. L. (1987). Religious involvement and the health of the elderly: Some hypotheses and an initial test. Social Forces, 66, 226–238.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakobovits, I. (1959). Jewish medical ethics: A comparative and historical study of the Jewish religious attitude to medicine and its practice. New York, NY: Bloch Pub. Co.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadushin, C., Phillips, B. T., & Saxe, L. (2005). National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01: A guide for the perplexed. Contemporary Jewry, 25, 1–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, A. (1985). Jewish meditation: A practical guide. New York, NY: Schocken Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kark, J. D., Shemi, G., Friedlander, Y., Martin, O., Manor, O., & Blondheim, S. H. (1996). Does religious observance promote health?: Mortality in secular vs religious kibbutzim in Israel. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 341–346.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kennaway, E. L. (1948). The racial and social incidence of cancer of the uterus. British Journal of Cancer, 2, 177–212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kessler, R. C. (2007). The Israel National Health Survey: Initial results and future directions. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 44, 81–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klaff, V., & Mott, F. L. (2005). NJPS 2000/01: A vehicle for exploring social structure and social dynamics in the Jewish population. Contemporary Jewry, 25, 226–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, V. B. (2011). Handbook of religion and health (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

  • Kosmin, B. A. (2005). The need for a systematic comparative approach to national population surveys of Jews. Contemporary Jewry, 25, 33–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kotler-Berkowitz, L. (2006). An introduction to the National Jewish Population Survey 2000–01. Sociology of Religion, 67, 387–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. S. (1994). Religion and health: Is there an association, is it valid, and is it causal? Social Science and Medicine, 38, 1475–1482.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. S. (1996). How religion influences morbidity and health: Reflections on natural history, salutogenesis and host resistance. Social Science and Medicine, 43, 849–864.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J., & Prince, M. F. (2010). Judaism and health: Reflections on an emerging field. Journal of Religion and Health (online prepublication).

  • Levin, J. S., & Schiller, P. L. (1987). Is there a religious factor in health? Journal of Religion and Health, 26, 9–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levin, J. S., & Vanderpool, H. Y. (1987). Is frequent religious attendance really conducive to better health?: Toward an epidemiology of religion. Social Science and Medicine, 24, 589–600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Levinson, D., Paltiel, A., Nir, M., & Makovki, T. (2007). The Israel National Health Survey: Issues and methods. Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 44, 85–93.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monk, M., Mendeloff, A. I., Siegel, C. I., & Lilienfeld, A. (1969). An epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis among adults in Baltimore.—II. Social and demographic factors. Gastroenterology, 56, 847–857.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monk, M., Mendeloff, A. I., Siegel, C. I., & Lilienfeld, A. (1970). An epidemiological study ulcerative colitis and regional enteritis among adults in Baltimore.—III. Psychological and possible stress-precipitating factors. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 22, 565–578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, J. A., & Geronimus, A. T. (2010). Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic characteristics, coethnic social ties, and health: Evidence from the National Jewish Population Survey. American Journal of Public Health (online prepublication).

  • Prince, M. F. (2009). Judaism, health, and healing: How a new Jewish communal field took root and where it might grow. Journal of Jewish Communal Service, 84, 280–291.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Krumrei, E. J., & Andersson, G. (2009a). Religion as a predictor of psychological distress in two religious communities. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38, 54–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Krumrei, E. J., & Pargament, K. I. (2010). Do gratitude and spirituality predict psychological distress? International Journal of Existential Psychology & Psychotherapy, 3, 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pargament, K. I., & Flannelly, K. J. (2009b). Do spiritual struggles predict poorer physical/mental health among Jews? International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19, 244–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2009c). The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression and happiness in a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation. Mental Health Religion and Culture, 12, 97–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosmarin, D. H., Pirutinsky, S., Pargament, K. I., & Krumrei, E. J. (2009d). Are religious beliefs relevant to mental health among Jews? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 1, 180–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosner, F. (2001). Biomedical ethics and Jewish law. Hoboken, NJ: KTAV Publishing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheskin, I. M. (2005). Comparisons between local Jewish community studies and the 2000–01 National Jewish Population Survey. Contemporary Jewry, 25, 158–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shmueli, A. (2006). Health and religiosity among Israeli Jews. European Journal of Public Health, 17, 104–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, M., Goldbourt, U., Medalie, J. H., Neufeld, H. N., & Oron, D. (1978). A lower incidence of myocardial infarction among religious Jews than among irreligious Jews. Torah Mada, 8, 35–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Srole, L., & Langner, T. (1962). Religious origin, Chapter 16. In L. Srole, T. S. Langner, S. T. Michael, M. K. Opler, & T. A. C. Rennie (Eds.), Mental health in the metropolis: The Midtown Manhattan Study (pp. 300–324). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

  • Stark, R., & Bainbridge, W. S. (1987). A theory of religion. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Union for Reform Judaism. (2007). Health care for all. Website: http://urj.org/socialaction/issues/healthcare/.

  • Vilchinsky, N., & Kravetz, S. (2005). How are religious belief and behavior good for you?: An investigation of mediators relating religion to mental health in a sample of Israeli Jewish students. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 44, 459–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yeung, P. P., & Greenwald, S. (1992). Jewish Americans and mental health: Results of the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 27, 292–297.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zoloth, L. (1999). Health care and the ethics of encounter: A Jewish discussion of social justice. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeff Levin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Levin, J. Health Impact of Jewish Religious Observance in the USA: Findings from the 2000–01 National Jewish Population Survey. J Relig Health 50, 852–868 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9492-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-011-9492-6

Keywords

Navigation