Ahmadi, R., & Mahdavi, Z. A. (2013). Autonomous language learning in Iranian context: To what extent do students take responsibility for their learning? International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning. doi:10.5861/ijrsll.2013.242.
Atasheneh, N., & Izadi, A. (2012). The role of teachers in reducing-increasing listening comprehension test anxiety: A case of Iranian EFL Learners. English Language Teaching Journal, 5(3), 178–187.
Google Scholar
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Benson, P. (2001). Autonomy in language learning. London: Longman.
Google Scholar
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). United States of America: Pearson Longman.
Google Scholar
Butumlu, D. Z., & Erden, M. (2007). The Relationship between FLCA and English achievement of Yildiz Technology University School of Foreign Learners Preparatory students. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 3(1), 24–38.
Google Scholar
Chan, V., Humphreys, G., & Spratt, V. (2002). Autonomy and motivation: Which comes first? Language Teaching Research, 6(3), 245–266.
Article
Google Scholar
Chastain, K. (1975). Affective and ability factors in second language acquisition. Language Learning, 25(1), 153–161.
Article
Google Scholar
Chastain, K. (1998). Developing second-language skills: Theory and practice. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Inc.
Google Scholar
Chen, L. (2007). A study of the relationship between EFL reading anxiety and reading strategy use. Master’s dissertation.
Cheng, Y.-S. (2004). A measure of second language writing anxiety: Scale development and preliminary validation. Journal of Second Language Writing, 13, 313–335.
Article
Google Scholar
Dafei, D. (2007). An Explanation of the relationship between learner autonomy and English proficiency. Professional Teaching Articles. Retrieved from www.asian-efl-journal.com.
Ellis, R. (2008). The study of second language acquisition (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Farhady, H., Ja’Farpur, A., & Birjandi, P. (2006). Testing language skills: From theory to practice. Tehran: SAMT.
Google Scholar
Ganji Khoosf, S., & Khosravani, M. (2014). Introducing email portfolio as a means of developing EFLLearner’s autonomy. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 504–512.
Google Scholar
Gardner, R. C., & MacIntyre, P. D. (1993). A students’ contribution to second language learning, Part II: Affective variable. Language Teaching, 26(1), 1–11.
Article
Google Scholar
Gardner, R., P. Tremblay & A-M. Masgoret. (1997). Towards a full model of second language learning: an empirical investigation. The Modern Language Journal, 81, (iii): 344–362. http://swets2.nesli.ac.uk/eAccess/viewTitleIssues.do?titleID=137767
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and foreign language learning. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Google Scholar
Holmberg, B. (1995). Theory and practice of distance education. London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Horwitz, E. K. (1990). Attending to the affective domain in the foreign language classroom. In S. S. Magnan (Ed.), Shifting the instructional focus to the learner (pp. 15–33). Middlebury, VT: Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages.
Horwitz, E. K. (2001). Language anxiety and achievement. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 21, 112–126.
Horwitz, E. K. (1986). Preliminary Evidence for the reliability and validity of a FLCAS. Tesol Quarterly, 20(3), 559–562.
Article
Google Scholar
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, A. J. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125–132.
Article
Google Scholar
Horwitz, E. K., & Young, D. J. (Eds.). (1991). Language anxiety: From theory and research toclassroom implications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Google Scholar
Hu, C. (2003). Phonological memory, phonological awareness and foreign language word learning. Language Learning, 53, 429–462.
Article
Google Scholar
Javanbakht, N., & Hadian, M. (2014). The effects of test anxiety on learners’ reading test performance. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 775–783.
Google Scholar
Jebali, A. (2014). Does CMC reduce foreign language classroom anxiety?. In P. Zaphiris & A. Loannou (Eds), Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Technology-Rich Environments for Learning and Collaboration. Paper published in computer science volume 8524, (pp.277–287). Springer.
Jing, H. (2007). Learner autonomy in the Chinese university classroom: An insider perspective on teacher-learner role relationships. In P. Benson (Ed.), Learner autonomy 8: Teacher and learner perspectives (pp. 84–103). Dublin: Authentik.
Google Scholar
Kashefian, S.N. (2002). An investigation into college EFL learners’ beliefs demonstrating their predispositions towards learner autonomy. Unpublished master’s thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Kearsley, G. (2000). Online Education: learning and teaching in cyberspace. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Google Scholar
Khodadady, E., & Khajavy, G. H. (2013). Exploring the role of anxiety and motivation in Foreign Language Achievement: Mashhad, Iran. A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, 20, 269–286.
Google Scholar
Laine, J. E. (1987). Affective factors in foreign language learning and teaching cross-language studies. Jyvaskyla: Jyvaskyla University.
Levitt, E. E. (1980). The psychology of anxiety. Hillside, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbum Association.
Google Scholar
Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy. 1: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentik.
Google Scholar
Littlewood, W. (1996). ‘Autonomy’: An anatomy and a framework. System, 24(4), 427–435.
Article
Google Scholar
Littlewood, W. (1999). Defining and developing autonomy in East Asian contexts. Applied Linguistics, 20(1), 71–94.
Article
Google Scholar
Long H. B. (1991). College students’ self-directed learning readiness and educational achievement. In H. B. Long & Associates, Self-directed learning: Consensus and conflict (pp. 107–122) Norman, OK: Oklahoma Research Center for Continuing Professional and Higher Education.
Moon, J. (2008). Critical thinking: An exploration of theory and practice. London and New York: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning Strategies: What every teacher should know. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Google Scholar
Peters, O. (1998). Learning and teaching in distance education: Analyses and interpretations from an international perspective. London: Kogan Page.
Google Scholar
Popescu, A. V., & Cohen-Vida, M. A. (2014). Communication strategies for developing the learner’s autonomy. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3489–3493.
Google Scholar
Rezaei, M., & Jafari, M. (2014). Investigating the levels, types, and causes of writing anxiety among Iranian EFL students: A mixed method design. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 98, 1545–1554.
Google Scholar
Rothstein, M. G., Paunonen, S. V., Rush, J. C., & King, G. A. (1994). Personality and cognitive ability predictors of performance in graduate business school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 516–530.
Article
Google Scholar
Sahragard, R., Jokar, Z., & Soozandehfar, M. A. (2011). The relationship among EFL Learners’ autonomy, academic performance, and motivation. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 8(11), 17–43.
Google Scholar
Scovel, T. (1978). The effect of affect: A review of anxiety literature. Language Learning, 28, 129–142.
Article
Google Scholar
Shangarffam, N., & Ghazi Saeedi, F. (2013). The relationship among EFL learners’ autonomy, first language essay writing tasks and second language essay writing tasks in task/content based language instruction. Global Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, System, 5, 177–191.
Google Scholar
Spratt, M., Humphreys, G., & Chan, V. (2002). Autonomous language learning: Hong Kong tertiary students’ attitudes and behaviors. Evaluation and Research in Education, 16(1), 1–18.
Article
Google Scholar
Speilberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Google Scholar
Spielberger, C. D. (1966). Theory and research on anxiety. In C. D. Spielberger (Ed.), Anxiety and behavior (pp. 3–20). New York: Academic Press.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Yao, W., Jingna, L. (2011). The interference of foreign language anxiety in the reading comprehension of agricultural engineering students. In International Conference on New Technology of Agricultural Engineering (ICAE), 2011, 27–29 May 2011 (pp. 660–663). Zibo: IEEE.
Zahrakar, K. (2008). Stress consultant. Tehran: University Publication. (chapter1).
Google Scholar
Zhang, X. (2013). Foreign language listening anxiety and listening performance: Conceptualization and causal relations. System, 41(1), 164–177.
Article
Google Scholar