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Antibacterial activity of thymol/carvacrol and clinoptilolite composites prepared by supercritical solvent impregnation

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Abstract

Novel composites based on natural zeolite—clinoptilolite and monoterpene phenols—thymol and carvacrol were prepared by supercritical solvent impregnation (SSI) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) at 30 MPa and 35 °C during 18 h. The content of phenols in composites (thymol—23.0 and carvacrol—19.1 wt%) was determined using both C,H,N and thermal analysis (TGA); interactions of the phenols with the zeolite lattice studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) showed that the zeolite lattice was preserved in the composites. The composites exhibited antibacterial activity toward Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli DSM 498 and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in different water media (phosphate buffer solution, spring water and lake water). After 1 h carvacrol-containing clinoptilolite showed better antibacterial activity than composite with thymol. Both composites expressed bactericidal effect after 24 h of contact. Leaching of the phenols from composite in water was more pronounced from thymol (22.7–32.1%) than for carvacrol (6.2–8.9%) suggesting influence of steric effect on the desorption process.

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The dataset analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-68/2020-14/200287 and 451-03-68/2020-14/200135).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Innovation Centre of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Jelena Dikić, Jelena Pajnik & Jelena Pavlović

  2. Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Ivana Lukić & Nevenka Rajić

  3. Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Jasna Hrenović

Authors
  1. Jelena Dikić
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  2. Ivana Lukić
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  3. Jelena Pajnik
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  4. Jelena Pavlović
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  5. Jasna Hrenović
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  6. Nevenka Rajić
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Contributions

JD: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Methodology; IL: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Methodology, Resources; JP: Formal analysis, Writing-original draft; Methodology; JP: Formal analysis, Methodology; JH: Writing—review & editing, Methodology; NR: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Conceptualization, Validation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review & editing. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jelena Dikić.

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Dikić, J., Lukić, I., Pajnik, J. et al. Antibacterial activity of thymol/carvacrol and clinoptilolite composites prepared by supercritical solvent impregnation. J Porous Mater 28, 1577–1584 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-021-01107-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-021-01107-y

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