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Membrane potential and fixed-charge density across TiPO4–VPO4 composite membranes for uni-univalent electrolyte solution

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Abstract

The TVP composite membranes were prepared by sol–gel process, and the membrane potential has been measured for characterizing the ion-transport phenomena across a charged membrane using electrolytes (KCl, NaCl and LiCl). The membrane potential offered by the electrolytes is in the order of LiCl > NaCl > KCl, and the membrane is found to be cation-selective. The results have been used to estimate fixed-charge density, distribution coefficient, charge effectiveness and transport properties of electrolytes of this membrane. The fixed-charge density is the most important parameter, governing transport phenomena in membranes. It is estimated by the TMS method; it is dependent on the feed composition due to the prefential adsorption of some ions. The results indicate that the applied pressure is also an important variable to modify the charge density and, in turn, the performance of membrane. The order of charge effectiveness of the electrolytes in membrane depends on the ionic radii of the counter-ions. The experimental results for membrane potential are quite consistent with the theoretical prediction. The morphology of the membrane surface is studied by scanning electron micrographs (SEM).

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Abbreviations

AR:

Analytical reagent

C 1, C 2 :

Concentrations of electrolyte solution on either side of the membrane (mol/L)

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{C}_{{1 + }} \) :

Cation concentration in membrane phase 1 (mol/L)

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{C}_{{2 + }} \) :

Cation concentration in membrane phase 2 (mol/L)

C i :

ith ion concentration of external solution (mol/L)

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{C}_{i} \) :

ith ion concentration in membrane phase (mol/L)

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{D} \) :

Charge density in membrane (eq/L)

F :

Faraday constant (C/mol)

K ± :

Distribution coefficient of ions

80–160:

Pressure (MPa)

q :

Charge effectiveness of the membrane

R :

Gas constant (J/K/mol)

SCE:

Saturated calomel electrode

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

TMS:

Teorell, Meyer and Sievers

t + :

Transport number of cation

t − :

Transport number of anion

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{u} \) :

Mobility of cations in the membrane phase (m2/v/s)

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{U} \) :

\( {{\left( {\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{u} - \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{v}} \right)}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\left( {\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{u} - \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{v}} \right)}} {{\left( {\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{u} + \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{v}} \right)}}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {{\left( {\ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{u} + \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{v}} \right)}} \)

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{v} \) :

Mobility of anions in the membrane phase (m2/v/s)

V k :

Valency of cation

V x :

Valency of fixed-charge group

\( {\gamma }\ifmmode{'}\else$'$\fi_{ \pm } ,{\gamma }\ifmmode{''}\else$''$\fi_{ \pm } \) :

Mean ionic activity coefficients

\( \ifmmode\expandafter\bar\else\expandafter\=\fi{\omega } \) :

Mobility ratio

ΔΨm :

Observed membrane potential (mV)

\( \Updelta \bar{\psi }_{{\text{m}}} \) :

Theoretical membrane potential (mV)

ΔΨDon :

Donnan potential (mV)

\( \Updelta \bar{\psi }_{{{\text{diff}}}} \) :

Diffusion potential (mV)

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the chairman, Department of Chemistry, for providing necessary research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Membrane Research Laboratory, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Fakhra Jabeen &  Rafiuddin

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  1. Fakhra Jabeen
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  2. Rafiuddin
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Jabeen, F., Rafiuddin Membrane potential and fixed-charge density across TiPO4–VPO4 composite membranes for uni-univalent electrolyte solution. J Porous Mater 16, 257–265 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-008-9195-x

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