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Paleoenvironmental inferences from diatom assemblages of the middle Miocene Shanwang Formation, Shandong, China

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Abstract

Diatoms were analyzed in a laminated sediment sequence from the middle Miocene, lacustrine Shanwang Formation, Shandong Province, eastern China, to reconstruct past conditions in the lake and evaluate relationships between inferred changes in the aquatic and terrestrial environments. Changes in the diatom assemblages over the 22.9-m-long sediment sequence were used to assign 19 lithologic layers to five zones. In Zone 1, Aulacoseira cf. distans and Melosira youngi were dominant in diatomaceous laminations. In Zone 2, only a few Aulacoseira spp. and Cymbella spp. were found in the yellow-green mudstone samples. In Zone 3, benthic pennate taxa, such as Fragilaria, Pinnularia, and Cymbella dominated in parts of the laminites. In Zone 4, Aulacoseira taxa regained dominance, and in Zone 5, benthic diatoms were found in only one sample. Shifts in the diatom assemblages and other sedimentological evidence indicate a change in the water level from a relatively deep system (>8–12 m) to a mudflat, then fluctuating water levels (8–12 m), shallower conditions (4–8 m), and finally a terrestrial environment. Abundant Aulacoseira indicate not only cold water, but also wind-induced turbulence. Water depth fluctuations coincided with the aridity index, reflected by terrestrial plant fossils in the sediments. Water pH, total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon (TOC) reconstructions were undertaken using the European Diatom Database (EDDI), and results showed a correlation between fluctuating water levels and volcanic activity in Zone 3.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the National Science Foundation of China (30530050) and the National Basic Research Program (2004CB720205), and is a contribution to the NECLIME (Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia) project (http://www.neclime.de/index.html). We thank Dr. Qi-Gao Sun, Ming-Mei Liang and Jian Yang for help with field work. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Peter A. Siver, Prof. Roland Schmidt, Dr. Margaret Harper and Dr. Vaclav Houk for kind suggestions regarding diatom identification. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers and the editors.

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, 100093, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Ya-Meng Li, Yu-Fei Wang & Cheng-Sen Li

  2. Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Ya-Meng Li

  3. Institute of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    David K. Ferguson

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Li, YM., Ferguson, D.K., Wang, YF. et al. Paleoenvironmental inferences from diatom assemblages of the middle Miocene Shanwang Formation, Shandong, China. J Paleolimnol 43, 799–814 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-009-9369-9

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