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Insolation forcing of Holocene climate change in Southern California: a sediment study from Lake Elsinore

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Abstract

Lake Elsinore is the largest natural lake in Southern California. As such, the lake provides a unique opportunity to investigate terrestrial climate on timescales otherwise underrepresented in the region’s terrestrial environment. In November 2003, three ∼10 m drill cores were extracted from the depocenter region of Lake Elsinore. These drill cores, spanning the past 9,500–11,200 calendar years, represent the first complete Holocene record of terrestrial climate from Southern California. In this paper, we focus on two adjacent, depocenter cores (LEGC03-2 and LEGC03-3), which have been correlated to develop a single composite core. Twenty-two AMS 14C dates on bulk organic matter and one cross-correlated exotic pollen age constitute the composite core’s age control. Several methods of analysis, including mass magnetic susceptibility, % total organic matter, % total carbonate, % HCl-extractable Al, and total inorganic P are used to infer climate for the past 9,500 calendar years in Southern California. Together, these data indicate a wet early Holocene followed by a long-term drying trend. Recent lake-level reconstructions from Owens Lake and Tulare Lake support our contention for a wetter-than-today early Holocene. Lacustrine sediments from the Mojave Desert also support our conclusions. We suggest that over the duration of the Holocene changing summer/winter insolation alters the region’s long-term hydrologic balance through its modulation of atmospheric circulation and its associated storm tracks. Minimum early Holocene winter insolation and maximum summer insolation act together to increase the region’s total annual precipitation by increasing the frequency of winter storms as well as enhancing the magnitude and spatial extent of the North American monsoon, the frequency of land-falling tropical cyclones in Southern California, and regional convective storms, respectively. Gradual decreases in summer insolation and increases in winter insolation produce the opposite effect with maximum drying in the late Holocene.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Lake Elsinore-San Jacinto Water Authority (LESJWA) for funding this drill core project and its analyses (to MEK, MAA); the City of Lake Elsinore, particularly Mr. Patrick Kilroy (Lake Manager) for access to the lake; Mr. David Ruhl for contract management; Gregg Drilling for exceptional quality service; Drs. John Southon and Guaciara dos Santos (Univ. of Cal. Irvine) for radiocarbon dating; ACS-PRF Grant #41789-GB8 (to MEK); and, Ms. Jennifer Schmidt for careful lab analyses. The comments of three anonymous reviewers and the editor helped to improve the manuscript’s clarity and content; their time and thoughtful comments are greatly appreciated.

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Author notes

  1. Broxton W. Bird

    Present address: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92834, USA

    Matthew E. Kirby & Broxton W. Bird

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA

    Steve P. Lund

  3. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Michael A. Anderson

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Correspondence to Matthew E. Kirby.

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Kirby, M.E., Lund, S.P., Anderson, M.A. et al. Insolation forcing of Holocene climate change in Southern California: a sediment study from Lake Elsinore. J Paleolimnol 38, 395–417 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9085-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-006-9085-7

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