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Immunosuppressive Cyclotides: A Promising Approach for Treating Autoimmune Diseases

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Abstract

The immune system maintains constant surveillance to prevent the infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous threats into host organisms. The process is regulated by effector immune cells that combat external pathogens and regulatory immune cells that inhibit excessive internal body inflammation, ultimately establishing a state of homeostasis within the body. Disruption to this process could lead to autoimmunity, which is often associated with the malfunction of both T cells and B cells with T cells playing a more major role. A number of therapeutic mediators for autoimmune diseases are available, from conventional disease-modifying drugs to biologic agents and small molecule inhibitors. Recently, ribosomally synthesized peptides, specifically cyclotides from plants are currently attracting more attention as potential autoimmune disease therapeutics due to their decreased toxicity compared to small molecules inhibitors as well as their remarkable stability against a number of factors. This review provides a concise overview of various cyclotides exhibiting immunomodulatory properties and their potential as therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, under grant number 46/HĐ-DCT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thai Huynh

  2. Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1B TL29, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Thao N.T Ho, Yen N.D. Pham, Le Hang Dang, Son H. Pham & Tien T. Dang

  3. Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam

    Tien T. Dang

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Contributions

N.T.H and T.N.T.H performed bibliography research, wrote the manuscript, and prepared the figures. Y.N.D.P. L.H.D. and S.H.P. gathered materials and revised the review manuscript. T.T.D provided scope, guidance and critically reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tien T. Dang.

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Huynh, N.T., Ho, T.N., Pham, Y.N. et al. Immunosuppressive Cyclotides: A Promising Approach for Treating Autoimmune Diseases. Protein J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-024-10188-y

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