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Analysis of Pelagia noctiluca proteome Reveals a Red Fluorescent Protein, a Zinc Metalloproteinase and a Peroxiredoxin

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Abstract

Pelagia noctiluca is the most venomous jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea where it forms dense blooms. Although there is several published research on this species, until now none of the works has been focused on a complete protein profile of the all body constituents of this organism. Here, we have performed a detailed proteomics characterization of the major protein components expressed by P. noctiluca. With that aim, we have considered the study of jellyfish proteins involved in defense, body constituents and metabolism, and furthered explore the significance and potential application of such bioactive molecules. P. noctiluca body proteins were separated by1D SDS–PAGE and 2DE followed by characterization by nanoLC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF/TOF techniques. Altogether, both methods revealed 68 different proteins, including a Zinc Metalloproteinase, a Red Fluorescent Protein (RFP) and a Peroxiredoxin. These three proteins were identified for the first time in P. noctiluca. Zinc Metalloproteinase was previously reported in the venom of other jellyfish species. Besides the proteins described above, the other 65 proteins found in P. noctiluca body content were identified and associated with its clinical significance. Among all the proteins identified in this work we highlight: Zinc metalloproteinase, which has a ShK toxin domain and therefore should be implicated in the sting toxicity of P. noctiluca.; the RFP which are a very important family of proteins due to its possible application as molecular markers; and last but not least the discovery of a Peroxiredoxin in this organism makes it a new natural resource of antioxidant and anti-UV radiation agents.

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Abbreviations

ACN:

Acetonitrile

CCB:

Colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue

CHAPS:

3[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propane sulfonate

COI:

Cytochrome oxidase subunit I

CTAB:

Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide

DNA:

Desoxyribonucleic acid

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

HPLC:

High Preformence Liquid Chromatography

IEF:

Isoelectric focusing

LC-MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

MALDI-TOF/TOF:

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Time-of-Flight

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

PCR:

Polymerase Chain Reaction

PLA2:

Phospholipase A2

RFP:

Ref fluorescent protein

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SDS:

Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel

TCEP:

Tris (2-Carboxyethyl) phosphine Hydrochloride

UV:

Ultra-violet

YFP:

Yellow fluorescent protein

α-CHCA:

α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid

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Acknowledgements

BF was funded by a PhD grant (SFRH/BD/48184/2008) from the Foundation for Science and Technology “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT). AA was partially supported by the Strategic Funding UID/Multi/04423/2013 through national funds provided by FCT and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in the framework of the program PT2020, by the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program - COMPETE 2020 and by National Funds through the FCT under the projects PTDC/AAG-GLO/6887/2014 (POCI-01-0124-FEDER-016845) and PTDC/MAR-BIO/0440/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016772), and by the Structured Program of R&D&I INNOVMAR - Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000035, Research Line NOVELMAR) and CORAL NORTE (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000036), funded by the Northern Regional Operational Program (NORTE2020) through the ERDF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal

    Bárbara Frazão, Alexandre Campos, Vitor Vasconcelos & Agostinho Antunes

  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal

    Bárbara Frazão, Vitor Vasconcelos & Agostinho Antunes

  3. IPATIMUP, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Hugo Osório

  4. Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Hugo Osório

  5. Proteomics Facility, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

    Benjamin Thomas

  6. MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-641, Peniche, Portugal

    Sérgio Leandro

  7. Department of Human Genetics, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal

    Alexandre Teixeira

  8. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Human Molecular Genetics Research Center (CIGMH), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal

    Alexandre Teixeira

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  1. Bárbara Frazão
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  2. Alexandre Campos
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  3. Hugo Osório
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  4. Benjamin Thomas
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  6. Alexandre Teixeira
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  7. Vitor Vasconcelos
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  8. Agostinho Antunes
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Correspondence to Agostinho Antunes.

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Frazão, B., Campos, A., Osório, H. et al. Analysis of Pelagia noctiluca proteome Reveals a Red Fluorescent Protein, a Zinc Metalloproteinase and a Peroxiredoxin. Protein J 36, 77–97 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-017-9695-0

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