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Optimization of Bioplastic Film from Kapok Cellulose Production at Different Acetylation

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Abstract

Plastic film is widely produced and applied in many daily applications. Although it provides many benefits to human activity, the disposal of commercial plastics has always been a serious problem as it will contribute to landfilling issues and environmental pollution. Bioplastic film was invented to resolve part of this issue, as most of the plastic film produced from natural sources is biodegradable. However, the biodegradability and characteristics of the film are highly dependent on the type of raw material, production procedure, and chemical composition. In this study, extracted kapok cellulose was acetylated into cellulose acetate (CA) with various levels of acetic acid (17.5, 20, and 22.5 mL), acetic anhydride (5, 7.5, and 10 mL) and acetylation time (30, 45 and 60 min). The Box–Behnken design was applied to evaluate the quality of the produced film. The design showed that the level of acetic acid has a strong impact on CA’s yield, acetic anhydride has a greater influence on tensile strength, and CA’s solubility has a stronger connection with the acetylation time. All modeling equations developed were validated with the coefficient of determination, R2 more than 0.6. The optimized factor levels for the ductile-like film on acetic acid, acetic anhydride, and acetylation time are 20.530 mL, 9.546 mL, and 55.45 min, respectively. Whereas for brittle-like film, the optimized factor level is 22.399 mL, 10 mL, and 60 min, respectively. The ductility and brittleness of a plastic film can be modified by adjusting these level factors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude for the financial support from UCSI University Research Excellent & Innovation Grant (REIG-FETBE-2021/049).

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The authors would like to express their gratitude for the financial support from UCSI University Research Excellent & Innovation Grant (REIG-FETBE-2021/049).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Technology and Built Environment, UCSI University, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Jia Jun Poon & Choon Yoong Cheok

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

    Mei Ching Tan

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MCT: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing-Review & Editing. CYC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision. JJP: Software, Validation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing- Original Draft.

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Poon, J.J., Cheok, C.Y. & Tan, M.C. Optimization of Bioplastic Film from Kapok Cellulose Production at Different Acetylation. J Polym Environ (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-03134-z

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