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Development of an Intelligent Packaging System Based on Gelatin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Containing β-Cyclodextrin/Viola odorata L. Anthocyanins Complex

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Abstract

The object of this study was the production of a film based on gelatin and chitosan nanofiber (CNF) and containing β-cyclodextrin/Viola odorata L. (β-CD/viola) inclusion complex to monitor fish freshness and spoilage. As a result, the addition of CNF improved the surface morphology and crystalline structure of the films. The addition of the β-CD/viola complex had no adverse effect on the surface morphology and crystalline structure of the film. In addition, gelatin-based films containing β-CD/viola complex had better water vapor permeability, mechanical properties, and antioxidant activity compared to pure gelatin films. The films incorporated with β-CD/viola complex showed considerable sensitivity against pH changes and ammonia gas, and their color changed from slightly brutal pink to green by increasing pH from 2 to 12. Furthermore, the developed smart colorimetric film is used as an indicator for monitoring Kilka fish spoilage. At the end of the storage time of fish, the color of the indicator film changed from khaki to yellow-green, and its color sensitivity (SRGB) was increased to 9.93%. In conclusion, the gelatin-CNF film containing β-CD/viola complex showed a significant potential for monitoring food spoilage.

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Funding

The financial support from the Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. 70787) was gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, P.O. Box 57561-51818, Urmia, Iran

    Sajed Amjadi, Tina Niknazar Moghaddam, Parya Baghban Haghi & Milad Bakhshizadeh

  2. Department of Food Hygiene, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

    Sara Gholizadeh

  3. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Hamed Hamishehkar

  4. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Tina Niknazar Moghaddam, Parya Baghban Haghi & Milad Bakhshizadeh

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  1. Sajed Amjadi
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  2. Sara Gholizadeh
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  4. Tina Niknazar Moghaddam
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Contributions

Conceptualization: HH, SA; methodology: SG, MB, TNM, PBH; formal analysis and investigation: SA, SG; writing—original draft preparation: MB, TNM, PBH; writing—review and editing: SA, SG; funding acquisition: HH; resources: SA; supervision: HH.

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Correspondence to Sajed Amjadi or Hamed Hamishehkar.

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All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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The Ethical Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences approved the study procedure (Approval ID: IR.TBZMED.VCR.REC.1401.278).

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Amjadi, S., Gholizadeh, S., Hamishehkar, H. et al. Development of an Intelligent Packaging System Based on Gelatin/Chitosan Nanofibers and Containing β-Cyclodextrin/Viola odorata L. Anthocyanins Complex. J Polym Environ 32, 884–897 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-023-03041-3

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