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PBAT/PBS Blends Membranes Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose for Heavy Metal Ion Separation

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to cognise the impact of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCCs) during fabrication of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/ poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) blend membranes. Biobased NCCs with high crystalline structure were incorporated ranging from 0 to 3 wt%. The 2 wt% NCC-filled membrane displayed a distinct and well-assimilated polymeric membrane network. In addition, increasing the NCCs loadings have positive impact on membrane porosity and average pour-size. The thermal resistance of the clean membrane was greatly increased after 1 wt% NCC loading but decreased dramatically with 2 and 3 wt% NCC loadings. Additionally, the membrane containing 3wt% NCCs displayed the greatest mechanical properties for Young’s modulus (3.12 GPa), elongation at break (8.5%), and tensile strength (28.3 MPa). The continuous operation test at 0.1 MPa demonstrated that a 3 wt% NCC loaded membrane had maximum removal effectiveness for metal ions of chromium and manganese i.e. 96% and 93%, respectively. Therefore, a fully biodegradable NCCs-filled PBAT/PBS composite membranes have significant future potential for use in the treatment of wastewater streams containing heavy metal ions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to extend their gratitude to King Saud University (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) for funding this research through Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2021/406).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forestry Products (INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Lau Kia Kian, Mohammad Jawaid & Naheed Saba

  2. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed H. Mahmoud

  3. Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11792, Helwan, Egypt

    Hassan Fouad

  4. Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Othman Y. Alothman

  5. MoRe Research Örnsköldsvik AB, 891 22, Örnsköldsvik, Sweden

    Zoheb Karim

  6. Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, South Ural state University, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia

    Zoheb Karim

Authors
  1. Lau Kia Kian
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  2. Mohammad Jawaid
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  3. Mohamed H. Mahmoud
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  4. Naheed Saba
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  5. Hassan Fouad
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  6. Othman Y. Alothman
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  7. Zoheb Karim
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Contributions

LKK: Investigation, Methodology, Writing - review & editing, Formal analysis. MJ: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing. MHM: Investigation, Methodology, Conceptualization, Writing - review & editing, Funding. Naheed Saba: Investigation, Writing - review & editing. HF: Investigation, Writing - review & editing. OA: Investigation, Writing - review & editing. ZK : Investigation, Writing - review & editing.

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Correspondence to Mohammad Jawaid.

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Kian, L.K., Jawaid, M., Mahmoud, M.H. et al. PBAT/PBS Blends Membranes Filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose for Heavy Metal Ion Separation. J Polym Environ 30, 5263–5273 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02590-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-022-02590-3

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