Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anionic Methyl Orange Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon Reinforced Conducting Polyaniline as Adsorbent: Synthesis, Characterization, Adsorption Behavior, Regeneration and Kinetics Study

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work investigated the elimination of Methyl Orange (MO) using a new adsorbent prepared from Activated Carbon (AC) with polyaniline reinforced by a simple oxidation chemical method. The prepared materials were characterized using XRD, TGA, FTIR and nitrogen adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, PANI@CA highest specific surface area values (near 332 m2 g−1) and total mesoporous volume (near 0.038 cm3 g−1) displayed the better MO removal capacity (192.52 mg g−1 at 298 K and pH 6.0), which is outstandingly higher than that of PANI (46.82 mg g−1). Besides, the process’s adsorption, kinetics, and isothermal analysis were examined using various variables such as pH, MO concentration and contact time. To pretend the adsorption kinetics, various kinetics models, the pseudo first- and pseudo second- orders, were exercised to the experimental results. The kinetic analysis revealed that the pseudo second order rate law performed better than the pseudo first order rate law in promoting the formation of the chemisorption phase. In the case of isothermal studies, an analysis of measured correlation coefficient (R2) values showed that the Langmuir model was a better match to experimental results than the Freundlich model. By regeneration experiments after five cycles, acceptable results were observed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Khan TA, Rahman R, Ali I, Khan EA, Mukhlif AA (2014) Removal of malachite green from aqueous solution using waste pea shells as low-cost adsorbent–adsorption isotherms and dynamics. Toxicol Environ Chem 96:569–578

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Tanzifi M, Hosseini SH, Kiadehi AD, Olazar M, Karimipour K, Rezaiemehr R, Ali I (2017) Artificial neural network optimization for methyl orange adsorption onto polyaniline nano-adsorbent: kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies. J Mol Liq 244:189–200

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Herrera MU, Futalan CM, Gapusan R, Balela MDL (2018) Removal of methyl orange and copper (II) ions from aqueous solution using polyaniline-coated kapok (Ceiba pentandra) fibers. Water Sci Technol 78:1137–1147

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lacuesta AC, Herrera MU, Manalo R, Balela MDL (2018) Fabrication of kapok paper-zinc oxide-polyaniline hydrid nanocomposite for methyl orange removal. Surf Coat Technol 350:971–976

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Annadurai G, Juang R, Lee D (2002) Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 92:263–274

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Mokhtari P, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Rahimi MR, Purkait MK (2016) Removal of methyl orange by copper sulfide nanoparticles loaded activated carbon: kinetic and isotherm investigation. J Mol Liq 219:299–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Al-Rashdi BAM, Johnson DJ, Hilal N (2013) Removal of heavy metal ions by nanofiltration. Desalination 315:2–17

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dashamiri S, Ghaedi M, Dashtian K, Rahimi MR, Goudarzi A, Jannesar R (2016) Ultrasonic enhancement of the simultaneous removal of quaternary toxic organic dyes by CuO nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: central composite design, kinetic and isotherm study. Ultrason Sonochem 31:546–557

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Paz A, Carballo J, Perez MJ, Dominguez JM (2017) Biological treatment of model dyes and textile wastewater. Chemosphere 181:168–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sachdeva S, Kumar A (2009) Preparation of nanoporous composite carbon membrane for separation of rhodamine B dye. J Membr Sci 329:2–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Asfaram A, Ghaedi M, Hajati S, Goudarzi A, Bazrafshan AA (2015) Simultaneous ultrasound-assisted ternary adsorption of dyes onto copper-doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: optimization by response surface methodology. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 145:203–212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Dai K, Chen H, Peng T, Ke D, Yi H (2007) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous suspension of mesoporous titania nanoparticles. Chemosphere 69:1361–1367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Asfaram A, Ghaedi M, Hajati S, Rezaeinejad M, Goudarzi A, Purkait MK (2015) Rapid removal of auramine-O and methylene blue by ZnS: Cu nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon: a response surface methodology approach. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 53:80–91

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen C, Gan Z, Xu C, Lu L, Liu Y, Gao Y (2017) Electrosynthesis of poly(aniline-co-azure B) for aqueous rechargeable zinc-conducting polymer batteries. Electrochim Acta 252:226–234

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Guerfi A, Trottier J, Gagnon C, Barray F, Zaghib K (2016) High rechargeable sodium metal-conducting polymer batteries. J Power Sources 335:131–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dakshayini BS, Reddy KR, Mishra A, Shetti NP, Malode SJ, Basu S, Naveen S, Raghu AV (2019) Role of conducting polymer and metal oxide-based hybrids for applications in ampereometric sensors and biosensors. Microchem J 147:7–24

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wang S, Wang Z, Huang Y, Hu Y, Yuan L, Guo S, Zheng L, Chen M, Yang C, Zheng Y, Qi J, Yu L, Li H, Wang W, Ji D, Chen X, Li J, Li L, Hu W (2021) Directly patterning conductive polymer electrodes on organic semiconductor via in situ polymerization in microchannels for high-performance organic transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:17852–17860

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Kweon H, Hosking A, Mushfiq M, Alam MM (2021) Selective and trace level detection of hydrazine using functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube-based microelectronic devices. ACS Appl Electron Mater 3:711–719

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Eftekhari A (2011) Nanostructured conductive polymers. Wiley, Chichester

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mahi O, Khaldi K, Belardja MS, Belmokhtar A, Benyoucef A (2021) Development of a new hybrid adsorbent from Opuntia ficus-indica NaOH activated with PANI reinforced and its potential use in orange G dye removal. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 31:2095–2104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Li Y, Nie W, Chen P, Zhou Y (2016) Preparation and characterization of sulfonated poly (styrene-alt-maleic anhydride) and its selective removal of cationic dyes. Colloids Surf A 499:46–53

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Li J, Wang Q, Bai Y, Jia Y, Shang P, Huang H, Wang F (2015) Preparation of a novel acid doped polyaniline adsorbent for removal of anionic pollutant from wastewater. J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed. 30:1085–1091

    Google Scholar 

  23. Zare EN, Motahari A, Sillanpää M (2018) Nanoadsorbents based on conducting polymer nanocomposites with main focus on polyaniline and its derivatives for removal of heavy metal ions/dyes: a review. Environ Res 162:173–195

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Hu Q, Liu H, Zhang Z, Xie Y (2020) Nitrate removal from aqueous solution using polyaniline modified activated carbon: Optimization and characterization. J Mol Liq 309:113057

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Xiong Y, Wang Y, Jiang H, Yuan S (2021) MWCNT decorated rich N-doped porous carbon with tunable porosity for CO2 capture. Molecules 26:3451

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Kutorglo EM, Hassouna F, Beltzung A, Kopecký D, Sedlářová I, Šoóš M (2019) Nitrogen-rich hierarchically porous polyaniline-based adsorbents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. Chem Eng J 360:1199–1212

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Khalili S, Khoshandam B, Jahanshahi M (2016) Synthesis of activated carbon/polyaniline nanocomposites for enhanced CO2 adsorption. RSC Adv 6:35692–35704

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Maaza L, Djafri F, Belmokhtar A, Benyoucef A (2021) Evaluation of the influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the thermal stability and optical and electrochemical properties of PANI-derived matrix reinforced conducting polymer composites. J Phys Chem Solids 152:109970

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kouidri FZ, Moulefera I, Bahoussi S, Belmokhtar A, Benyoucef A (2021) Development of hybrid materials based on carbon black reinforced poly(2-methoxyaniline): preparation, characterization and tailoring optical, thermal and electrochemical properties. Colloid Polym Sci. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-021-04837-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Belalia A, Zehhaf A, Benyoucef A (2018) Preparation of hybrid material based of PANI with SiO2 and its adsorption of phenol from aqueous solution. Polym Sci, Ser B 60:816–824

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Zenasni M, Jaime AQ, Benyoucef A, Benghalem A (2021) Synthesis and characterization of polymer/V2O5 composites based on poly(2-aminodiphenylamine). Polym Compos 42:1064–1074

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Sadeghi MH, Tofighy MA, Mohammadi T (2020) One-dimensional graphene for efficient aqueous heavy metal adsorption: rapid removal of arsenic and mercury ions by graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs). Chemosphere 253:126647

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wozniak AB, Pietrzak R (2020) Adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants on activated bio-carbons prepared by chemical activation of residues of supercritical extraction of raw plants. Chem Eng J 393:124785

    Google Scholar 

  34. Rodrigues SC, Silva MC, Torres JA, Bianchi ML (2020) Use of magnetic activated carbon in a solid phase extraction procedure for analysis of 2,4-dichlorophenol in water samples. Water Air Soil Pollut 231:2–13

    Google Scholar 

  35. Bekhti MA, Belardja MS, Lafjah M, Chouli F, Benyoucef A (2021) Enhanced tailored of thermal stability, optical and electrochemical properties of PANI matrix containing Al2O3 hybrid materials synthesized through in situ polymerization. Polym Compos 42:6–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Javed M, Abbas SM, Siddiq M, Han D, Niu L (2018) Mesoporous silica wrapped with graphene oxide-conducting PANI nanowires as a novel hybrid electrode for supercapacitor. J Phys Chem Solids 113:220–228

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Larosa C, Patra N, Salerno M, Mikac L, Meri RM, Ivanda M (2017) Preparation and characterization of polycarbonate/multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 8:2026–2031

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Strawhecker KE, Manias E (2003) Crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) in the presence of Na+ Montmorillonite Fillers. Chem Mater 15:844–849

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hasan M, Rashid MM, Hossain MM, Al Mesfer MK, Arshad M, Danish M, Lee M, El Jery A, Kumar N (2019) Fabrication of polyaniline/activated carbon composite and its testing for methyl orange removal: optimization, equilibrium, isotherm and kinetic study. Polym Test 77:105909

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lindfors T, Ivaska A (2002) pH sensitivity of polyaniline and its substituted derivatives. J Electroanal Chem 531:43–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Suna B, Yuan Y, Li H, Li X, Zhang C, Guo F, Liu X, Wang K, Zhao XS (2019) Waste-cellulose-derived porous carbon adsorbents for methyl orange removal. Chem Eng J 371:55–63

    Google Scholar 

  42. Duhan M, Kaur R (2020) Adsorptive removal of methyl orange with polyaniline nanofibers: an unconventional adsorbent for water treatment. Environ Technol 41:2977–2990

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Aia L, Jiang J, Zhang R (2010) Uniform polyaniline microspheres: a novel adsorbent for dye removal from aqueous solution. Synth Met 160:762–767

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ma J, Yu F, Zhou L, Jin L, Yang M, Luan J, Tang Y, Fan H, Yuan Z, Chen J (2012) Enhanced adsorptive removal of methyl orange and methylene blue from aqueous solution by alkali-activated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:5749–5760

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sanchez-Sanchez A, Suarez-Garcia F, Martinez-Alonso A, Tascon JMD (2015) Synthesis, characterization and dye removal capacities of N-doped mesoporous carbons. J Colloid Interface Sci 450:91–100

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Huang RH, Liu Q, Huo J, Yang BC (2013) Adsorption of methyl orange onto protonated crosslinked chitosan. Arab J Chem 10:24–32

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Robati D, Mirza B, Rajabi M, Moradi O, Tyagi I, Agarwal S, Gupta V (2016) Removal of hazardous dyes-BR 12 and methyl orange using graphene oxide as an adsorbent from aqueous phase. Chem Eng J 284:687–697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Haldorai Y, Shim J-J (2014) An efficient removal of methyl orange dye from aqueous solution by adsorption onto chitosan/MgO composite: a novel reusable adsorbent. Appl Surf Sci 292:447–453

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Gapusan RB, Donnabelle M, Balela L (2020) Adsorption of anionic methyl orange dye and lead(II) heavy metal ion by polyaniline-kapok fiber nanocomposite. Mater Chem Phys 243:122682

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Rodríguez LSM, Rodríguez LMG, Espinoza JJA, Guajardo AEC, Llamas JCM (2021) Synthesis and characterization of a polyurethane-polyaniline macroporous foam material for methyl orange removal in aqueous media. Mater Today Commun 26:102155

    Google Scholar 

  51. Xiao Y, Hill JM (2018) Benefit of hydrophilicity for adsorption of methyl orange and electroFenton regeneration of activated carbon-polytetrafluoroethylene electrodes. Environ Sci Technol 52:11760–21176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the Algerian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, and also University Materials Science Institute of Alicante Spain for the co-operation availing.

Funding

There is no financial sources funding regarding of this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Mustapha Stambouli Mascara, Mascara, Algeria

    A. Bekhoukh

  2. LMAE Laboratory, University of Mustapha Stambouli Mascara, Mascara, Algeria

    I. Moulefera & A. Benyoucef

  3. Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía TECH, Málaga, Spain

    I. Moulefera

  4. CRAPC, BP 248, 16004, Bou Ismaïl, Algeria

    F. Z. Zeggai & K. Bachari

Authors
  1. A. Bekhoukh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Moulefera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F. Z. Zeggai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Benyoucef
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. K. Bachari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Benyoucef.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bekhoukh, A., Moulefera, I., Zeggai, F.Z. et al. Anionic Methyl Orange Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon Reinforced Conducting Polyaniline as Adsorbent: Synthesis, Characterization, Adsorption Behavior, Regeneration and Kinetics Study. J Polym Environ 30, 886–895 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02248-6

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-021-02248-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation