Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Property Investigation of Poly (Ethylene Co-vinyl Acetate)/Poly (l-Lactic Acid)/Organo Clay Nanocomposites

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, EVAc/PLA/organo clay nanocomposites were prepared via solution mixing method. The SEM images were used to investigate the morphology of nanocomposites revealing no phase separation or agglomeration of disperse phase in EVAc/PLA blends and nanocomposites. SAXS spectra confirmed the intercalated morphology of nanocomposites. Soil burial test were carried out and the rate of degradation of the samples were measured indirectly. Oxygen gas permeability of EVAc was slightly decreased by adding PLA to the matrix, when small loads of clay caused dramatic improvement in barrier properties. Melt rheological frequency sweep test illustrated the compatibility of EVAc with low contents of PLA. Tensile test cleared that increasing PLA’s content and clay’s load in EVAc results in increase in tensile strength and modulus of the composite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

References

  1. Geyer R, Jambeck JR, Law KL (2017) Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci Adv 3(7):e1700782

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Jambeck JR, Geyer R, Wilcox C, Siegler TR, Perryman M, Andrady A et al (2015) Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean. Science 347(6223):768–771

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Reed AM, Gilding DK (1981) Biodegradable polymers for use in surgery—poly (glycolic)/poly (iactic acid) homo and copolymers: 2. In vitro degradation. Polymer 22(4):494–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kalb BAJP, Pennings AJ (1980) General crystallization behaviour of poly (l-lactic acid). Polymer 21(6):607–612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Marega C, Marigo A, Di Noto V, Zannetti R, Martorana A, Paganetto G (1992) Structure and crystallization kinetics of poly (l-lactic acid). Die Makromol Chem 193(7):1599–1606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ploypetchara N, Suppakul P, Atong D, Pechyen C (2014) Blend of polypropylene/poly (lactic acid) for medical packaging application: physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties. Energy Procedia 56:201–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Ebadi-Dehaghani H, Khonakdar HA, Barikani M, Jafari SH (2015) Experimental and theoretical analyses of mechanical properties of PP/PLA/clay nanocomposites. Compos B Eng 69:133–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Raghavan D, Emekalam A (2001) Characterization of starch/polyethylene and starch/polyethylene/poly (lactic acid) composites. Polym Degrad Stab 72(3):509–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Gajria AM, Dave V, Gross RA, McCarthy SP (1996) Miscibility and biodegradability of blends of poly (lactic acid) and poly (vinyl acetate). Polymer 37(3):437–444

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yoon JS, Oh SH, Kim MN, Chin IJ, Kim YH (1999) Thermal and mechanical properties of poly (l-lactic acid)–poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) blends. Polymer 40(9):2303–2312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kenawy ER, Bowlin GL, Mansfield K, Layman J, Simpson DG, Sanders EH, Wnek GE (2002) Release of tetracycline hydrochloride from electrospun poly (ethylene-co-vinylacetate), poly (lactic acid), and a blend. J Control Release 81(1–2):57–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hasegawa N, Kawasumi M, Kato M, Usuki A, Okada A (1998) Preparation and mechanical properties of polypropylene-clay hybrids using a maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene oligomer. J Appl Polym Sci 67(1):87–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ramazani A, Tavakolzadeh F, Baniasadi H (2009) In situ polymerization of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites using a novel clay-supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Polym Compos 30(10):1388–1393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Arunvisut S, Phummanee S, Somwangthanaroj A (2007) Effect of clay on mechanical and gas barrier properties of blown film LDPE/clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 106(4):2210–2217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jacquelot E, Espuche E, Gérard JF, Duchet J, Mazabraud P (2006) Morphology and gas barrier properties of polyethylene-based nanocomposites. J Polym Sci Part B 44(2):431–440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zanetti M, Camino G, Thomann R, Mülhaupt R (2001) Synthesis and thermal behaviour of layered silicate–EVA nanocomposites. Polymer 42(10):4501–4507

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shafiee M, Ramazani SA, Danaei M (2010) Investigation of the gas barrier properties of pp/clay nanocomposite films with EVA as a compatibiliser prepared by the melt intercalation method. Polym Plast Technol Eng 49(10):991–995

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Peeterbroeck S, Alexandre M, Jérôme R, Dubois P (2005) Poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/clay nanocomposites: effect of clay nature and organic modifiers on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties. Polym Degrad Stab 90(2):288–294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Dadfar SR, Ramazani SA, Dadfar SA (2009) Investigation of oxygen barrier properties of organoclay/HDPE/EVA nanocomposite films prepared using a two-step solution method. Polym Compos 30(6):812–819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sa AR, Shafiee M, Abedsoltan H, Shafiee A (2013) Gas barrier and mechanical properties of crosslinked ethylene vinyl acetate nanocomposites. J Compos Mater 47(23):2987–2993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Nielsen LE (1967) Models for the permeability of filled polymer systems. J Macromol Sci Chem 1(5):929–942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang C, Nuxoll EE, Cussler EL (2001) Reactive barrier films. AIChE J 47(2):295–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lape NK, Nuxoll EE, Cussler EL (2004) Polydisperse flakes in barrier films. J Membr Sci 236(1–2):29–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lewis TB, Nielsen LE (1970) Dynamic mechanical properties of particulate-filled composites. J Appl Polym Sci 14(6):1449–1471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Landel RF, Nielsen LE (1993) Mechanical properties of polymers and composites. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  26. Davies WEA (1971) The theory of elastic composite materials. J Phys D Appl Phys 4(9):1325

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Brune DA, Bicerano J (2002) Micromechanics of nanocomposites: comparison of tensile and compressive elastic moduli, and prediction of effects of incomplete exfoliation and imperfect alignment on modulus. Polymer 43(2):369–387

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bharadwaj RK (2001) Modeling the barrier properties of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Macromolecules 34(26):9189–9192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Song Z, Xiao H, Zhao Y (2014) Hydrophobic-modified nano-cellulose fiber/PLA biodegradable composites for lowering water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of paper. Carbohydr Polym 111:442–448

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wu D, Wu L, Zhang M, Zhao Y (2008) Viscoelasticity and thermal stability of polylactide composites with various functionalized carbon nanotubes. Polym Degrad Stab 93(8):1577–1584

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box: 11365-8639, Tehran, 11365-8639, Iran

    Hooman Torabi & Ahmad Ramazani SaadatAbadi

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA

    Hooman Torabi

Authors
  1. Hooman Torabi
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmad Ramazani SaadatAbadi
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Ramazani SaadatAbadi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Torabi, H., Ramazani SaadatAbadi, A. Property Investigation of Poly (Ethylene Co-vinyl Acetate)/Poly (l-Lactic Acid)/Organo Clay Nanocomposites. J Polym Environ 27, 2886–2894 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01558-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01558-0

Keywords