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Cardanol Functionalized Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber for Better Processability, Technical Properties and Biocompatibility

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Abstract

The present investigation deals with the latex stage functionalization of carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) by chemically grafting cardanol onto its backbone main chain to impart multifunctional characteristics to it. The grafting of cardanol onto XNBR in the latex stage has been accomplished successfully using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a free radical initiator. Cardanol grafted XNBR (C-g-XNBR) exhibited an increase in molecular weight (7.5%) with an increase in PDI (polydispersity index). The optimum grafting parameters were found to be of 1 phr BPO with 15 phr cardanol at a reaction temperature of 80 °C and a reaction time of 10 h using “Taguchi methodology”. The maximum percentage grafting (PG) and grafting efficiency (GE) were estimated to be 13.8 and 92.8%, respectively at the optimum combination of the reaction parameters. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results exhibited a decrease in Tg value for the functionalized elastomer. Thermogravimetric analysis displayed an increase in the thermal stability of C-g-XNBR. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and hemolysis studies proved that functionalized rubber as biocompatible. Moreover, functionalized XNBR exhibited a potential bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Fire and flame retardancy study revealed an increased LOI (limiting oxygen index) for C-g-XNBR.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, Mr. S. Samantarai is grateful to the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), New Delhi, India, for providing a research fellowship to carry out this study. The authors thank Dr. Subhra Mohanty of Omnova Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Gujarat, India, for providing free latex samples. The authors would like to kindly acknowledge the cooperation received from Dr. Ragini Tilak, Department of Microbiology, IMS, BHU, Varanasi, U. P., India, for carrying out the antibacterial property evaluation study of the rubber samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Satyajit Samantarai, Golok B. Nando & Narayan Ch. Das

  2. Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Ahindra Nag & Amit Basak

  3. Department of Biochemistry, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Nitesh Singh & Debabrata Dash

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  1. Satyajit Samantarai
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Samantarai, S., Nag, A., Singh, N. et al. Cardanol Functionalized Carboxylated Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber for Better Processability, Technical Properties and Biocompatibility. J Polym Environ 27, 1878–1896 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-019-01441-y

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