Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Novel Environmentally Compatible Bio-Based Product from Gelatin and Natural Rubber: Physical Properties

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Polymers and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to study the preparation of a novel bio-based product from gelatin (GT) and natural rubber (NR) using potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator. The GT and NR composites (GT/NR composites) containing KPS were formed in an aqueous latex solution. The chemical structure of the GT/NR composite was characterized by ATR-FTIR, and XRD. The highest tensile strength was observed in a 9/1 GT/NR composite and the elongation at break of this composite was improved by the addition of both NR and glycerol. In addition, the swelling ratio increased as a function of increasing GT content in the composite. The thermal stability of the GT was improved after the formation of the chemical interaction between the NR and GT helped by the KPS. The best ratio of the GT/NR composite was 3/7 GT/NR. This environmentally friendly composite easily decomposed in natural soil within 30 days. The novel biopolymer showed high mechanical properties, water resistance and was produced in an environmentally compatible process. The NR was able to improve some of the physical and mechanical properties of GT biofilms produced from the composite. Possible future applications of this composite are for medical materials, and the packaging and life extension of food products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Riyajan S, Sasithornsonti Y, Phinyocheep P (2012) Green natural rubber-g-modified starch for controlling urea release. Carbohydr Polym 89:251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Riyajan S, Intharit I, Tangboriboonrat P (2013) Physical properties of the malleated sulphur prevulcanized natural rubber latex-g-cellulose fiber. J Polym Mater 30:159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Riyajan S, Jitdaphon W, Leejarkpai T (2014) Effect of additives on the physical properties of a biopolymer hydrogel from epoxidized natural rubber, poly(vinyl alcohol), and starch. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 65:34

    Google Scholar 

  4. Riyajan S, Sukhlaaied W (2013) Effect of chitosan content on gel content of epoxized natural rubber grafted with chitosan in latex form. Mater Sci Eng C 33:1041

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Jalaja K, Kumar PR, Dey T, Kundu SC, James NR (2014) Modified dextran cross-linked electrospun gelatin nanofibres for biomedical applications. Carbohydr Polym 114:467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Ahmed O (2013) Physico-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of gelatin film from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket incorporated with essential oils. J Controlled Release 172:1075

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nemati M, Oveisi MR, Abdollahi H, Sabzevari O (2004) Differentiation of bovine and porcine gelatins using principal component analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 34:485

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Jeong W, Kim C (2011) One-step method for monodisperse microbiogels by glass capillary microfluidics. Colloids Surf A 384:268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Buchweitz M, Brauch J, Carle R, Kammerer DR (2013) Application of ferric anthocyanin chelates as natural blue food colorants in polysaccharide and gelatin based gels. Food Res Int 51:274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Li J, Miao J, Wu J, Chen S, Zhang Q (2014) Preparation and characterization of active gelatin-based films incorporated with natural antioxidants. Food Hydrocoll 37:166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nattagh K, Siauw T, Pouliot J, Hsu I, Cunha J (2014) A training phantom for ultrasound-guided needle insertion and suturing. Brachytherapy 13:413

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Coimbra P, Gil MH, Figueiredo M (2014) Tailoring the properties of gelatin films for drug delivery applications: influence of the chemical cross-linking method. Int J Biol Macromol 70:10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bertoldo M, Cognigni F, Bronco S (2012) Preparation of gelatin/polyoxypropylene grafted copolymers by isocyanate promoted “grafting onto reaction”. Polymer 53:4595

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Shalumon KT, Deepthi S, Anupama MS, Nair SV, Jayakumar R, Chennazhi KP (2015) Fabrication of poly (l-lactic acid)/gelatin composite tubular scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 72:1048

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Soradech S, Limatvapirat S, Luangtana-anan M (2013) Stability enhancement of shellac by formation of composite film: effect of gelatin and plasticizers. J Food Eng 116:572

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lassoued I, Jridi M, Nasri R, Dammak A, Hajji M, Nasri M, Barkia A (2014) Characteristics and functional properties of gelatin from thornback ray skin obtained by pepsin-aided process in comparison with commercial halal bovine gelatin. Food Hydrocoll 41:309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Qiao C, Ma X, Zhang J, Yao J (2017) Molecular interactions in gelatin/chitosan composite films. Food Chem 235:50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Xu J, Li T, Jiang Q, Qiao C, Cheng J (2013) Effect of aggregation behavior of gelatin in aqueous solution on the grafting density of gelatin modified with glycidol. Colloids Surf B 103:375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Khorshidi S, Karkhaneh A (2016) Sodium alginate and gelatin hydrogels: viscosity effect on hydrophobic drug release. Mater Lett 164:76–79

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Nur Hazirah MASP, Isa MIN, Sarbon NM (2016) Effect of xanthan gum on the physical and mechanical properties of gelatin-carboxymethyl cellulose film blends. Food Packag Shelf Life 9:55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Jana S, Banerjee A, Sen K (2016) Gelatin-carboxymethyl tamarind gum biocomposites: in vitro characterization & anti-inflammatory pharmacodynamics. Mater Sci Eng C 69:478

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wongthep W, Srituileong S, Martwiset S, Amnuaypanich S (2013) Grafting of poly(vinyl alcohol) on natural rubber latex particles. J Appl Polym Sci 127:104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ahmada M, Benjakul S, Prodpran T, Agustini T (2012) Physico-mechanical and antimicrobial properties of gelatin film from the skin of unicorn leatherjacket incorporated with essential oils. Food Hydrocoll 28:189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Kakkar P, Verma S, Manjubala I, Madhana NB (2014) Development of keratin–chitosan–gelatin composite scaffold for soft tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C 45:343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Freitas AR, Rubira AF, Muniz AC (2008) Degradation of polychloroprene/natural rubber (PCP/NR) blends by photo-Fenton process. Polym Degrad Stab 93:601

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cebi N, Durak MZ, Toker OS, Sagdic O, Arici M (2016) An evaluation of Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy method for the classification and discrimination of bovine, porcine and fish gelatins. Food Chem 190:1109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Benbettaïeb N, Karbowiak T, Brachais CH, Debeaufortn F (2016) Impact of electron beam irradiation on fish gelatin film properties. Food Chem 195:11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sukhlaaied W, Riyajan S (2016) Green robust pH-temperature-sensitive maleated poly(vinyl alcohol)-g-gelatin for encapsulated capsaicin. Polym Bull 73:2303–2320

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cozmuta AM, Turila A, Apjok R, Ciocian A, Cozmuta LM, Peter A, Nicula C, Galić N, Benković T (2015) Preparation and characterization of improved gelatin films incorporating hemp and sage oils. Food Hydrocoll 49:144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Białopiotrowicz T, Jańczuk B (2001) The changes of the surface free energy of the adsorptive gelatin films. Eur Polym J 37:1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Pankaj SK, Bueno-Ferrer C, Misra NN, O’Neill L, Tiwari BK, Bourke P, Cullen PJ (2015) Characterization of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric air cold plasma treated gelatin films. Food Packag Shelf Life 6:61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Neumann IA, Flores-Sahagun TH, Ribeiro AM (2017) Biodegradable poly (l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and PLLA-3-arm blend membranes: the use of PLLA-3-arm as a plasticizer. Polym Test 60:84–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ooi ZX, Ismail H, Abu Bakar A (2013) Synergistic effect of oil palm ash filled natural rubber compound at low filler loading. Polym Test 32:38–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rivero S, García MA, Pinotti A (2010) Correlations between structural, barrier, thermal and mechanical properties of plasticized gelatin films. Food Sci Eng Technol 11:369

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Soo KW, Azahari B, Poh BT (2016) Effect of magnesium oxide loading on adhesion properties of ENR 25/NBR blend adhesives in the presence of petro resin and gum rosin tackifiers. J Polym Environ 24:334

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Riyajan S, Wongsa C (2013) Effect of natural rubber on polymer hydrogel produced from polyacrylamide and starch using the microwave method. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst 66:23

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Perdones A, Chiralt A, Vargas M (2016) Properties of film-forming dispersions and films based on chitosan containing basil or thyme essential oil. Food Hydrocoll 57:271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by Thai Government Research Fund Contract No 8/2017 and Center of Scientific Equipment for Advanced Research, Thammasat University and Center of Scientific Equipment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University. This study was financially supported by The Thailand Research Fund/Prince of Songkla University/Thammasat University (Grant No. RSA5780018) and Thammasat University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand

    Wattana Sukhlaaied

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand

    Sa-Ad Riyajan

Authors
  1. Wattana Sukhlaaied
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sa-Ad Riyajan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sa-Ad Riyajan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sukhlaaied, W., Riyajan, SA. A Novel Environmentally Compatible Bio-Based Product from Gelatin and Natural Rubber: Physical Properties. J Polym Environ 26, 2708–2719 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1161-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1161-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation