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Green Composite Based on PHB and Montmorillonite for KNO3 and NPK Delivery System

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Abstract

Controlled release fertilizer (CRF) as a safe system for reducing environmental pollution still remains as demand for the agribusiness. Natural and biodegradable polymer materials have been proposed as a prominent and sustainable controlled delivery system. Composite based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), starch, glycerol and montmorillonite (PHBSGMMt) has been proposed as a carrier for controlled release fertilizers, such as KNO3 and NPK. PHBSGMMt with 10 wt% of KNO3 or NPK processed by melting at 162 °C, 60 rpm during 10 min in a mixer chamber of torque rheometer. Composites were characterized according to its structure by FTIR and XRD, in thermal behavior by TGA and DSC, and morphology by SEM. Fertilizers release in water was determined by ionic conductivity. Clay, KNO3, and NPK increased the PHB/starch compatibility and homogeneity, resulting in a well-interfaced material obtained for PHBSGMMTNPK. MMtKNO3 was mainly on PHB phase and MMtNPK on the compatible polymeric phase. These behaviors explain the faster release of KNO3 in water medium since the KNO3 has high solubility and the phase separation creates fissures that turn in water pathway. Kinetic parameters classified the material as a non-Fickian diffusion or anomalous transport mechanism.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to FAPESP-Brazil (Process Number 2014/06566-9) for financial support, Bentonit União for supplying the clay, and PHB Industrial for supplying PHB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academia da Força Aérea, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil

    Josiane de Lima Souza

  2. Laboratório de Materiais Poliméricos e Biossorventes, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Araras, Araras, SP, Brazil

    Josiane de Lima Souza, Camila G. Chiaregato & Roselena Faez

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  1. Josiane de Lima Souza
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  2. Camila G. Chiaregato
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  3. Roselena Faez
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Correspondence to Roselena Faez.

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Souza, J.d., Chiaregato, C.G. & Faez, R. Green Composite Based on PHB and Montmorillonite for KNO3 and NPK Delivery System. J Polym Environ 26, 670–679 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-0979-4

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