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Biosynthesis, Microstructural Characterisations and Investigation of In-Vitro Mutagenic and Eco-Toxicological Response of a Novel Microbial Exopolysaccharide Based Biopolymer

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Abstract

A modified microbial polysaccharide based biopolymer has been investigated as a potential candidate towards development of sustainable biomaterials and bioplastics. An in-depth study was carried out to biosynthesize, characterize and assess any possible mutagenic potential and ecotoxicity of the microbial polysaccharide biopolymer. Microstructural investigations using confocal microscopy, Fourier transform (FT)-Raman depth profile mapping and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the biosynthetically modified polysaccharide revealed internal structural perturbations, as well as occlusion of granular pores by extraneous materials. The Raman 3D mapping depth profile along with time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry also indicated important structural and surface modifications, which could be correlated to the production of microbial exopolysaccharides and secondary metabolites. The study then looked into any possible genetic mutation and ecological risks associated with the biosynthetically modified polysaccharide through the investigation of genotoxicity and ecotoxicity. The genotoxicity study was carried out through bacterial reverse gene mutation (Ames) test by using two different strains (TA98 and TA100) of bacteria. The results did not indicate any mutagenic effect against either of the strains used for the biopolymer samples and was found to be genotoxically safe. Ecotoxicity tests, carried out using bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri further indicated no ecotoxicity within the given experimental conditions. The study measured the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) to cause a 50% decrease in the light output of the bacteria, a measure of ecotoxicological response of the biopolymer. Overall, results from this study indicated that the novel biopolymer was genotoxically and ecotoxically safe, which offers immense potential for future use of this biopolymer.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE) Canada and Canadian General Tower Ltd. for their support for this research and EMSL Analytical, Inc., USA for their help with the toxicity tests.

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Author notes

  1. Arturo Rodriguez

    Present address: University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Bicomposites and Biomaterials Processing, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B3, Canada

    Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Subrata Bandhu Ghosh, Arturo Rodriguez & Mohini M. Sain

  2. Currently at Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India

    Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh & Subrata Bandhu Ghosh

Authors
  1. Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh
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  2. Subrata Bandhu Ghosh
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  3. Arturo Rodriguez
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  4. Mohini M. Sain
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Correspondence to Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh.

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Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, S., Ghosh, S.B., Rodriguez, A. et al. Biosynthesis, Microstructural Characterisations and Investigation of In-Vitro Mutagenic and Eco-Toxicological Response of a Novel Microbial Exopolysaccharide Based Biopolymer. J Polym Environ 26, 365–374 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0925-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0925-x

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