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Adhesive Performance of Sorghum Protein Extracted from Sorghum DDGS and Flour

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Abstract

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is the main co-product from grain-based ethanol production. The objective of this research was to compare the adhesive performance of three types of sorghum proteins: acetic acid-extracted sorghum protein from DDGS (PI), aqueous ethanol-extracted sorghum protein from DDGS (PII) and acetic acid-extracted sorghum protein from sorghum flour (PF). Physicochemical properties including amino acid composition, and rheological, thermal and morphological properties also were characterized. Results showed that PI had the best adhesion performance in terms of dry, wet and soak adhesion strength, followed by PF and PII. The wet strength of PI at a concentration of 12% protein assembled at 150 °C was 3.15 MPa, compared to 2.17 MPa and 2.59 MPa for PII and PF, respectively. DSC thermograms indicated that the PF protein isolates contained higher levels of carbohydrates than PI and PII; such non-protein contaminants in the PF isolate could be the reason for its lower adhesion strength than PI. In addition, PI might have more hydrophobic amino acids aligned at the protein-wood interface than PII, which could explain the better water resistance of PI. The optimum sorghum protein concentration and pressing temperature for maximum adhesion strength was 12% and 150 °C. PI had a significantly higher wet strength (3.15 MPa) than unmodified soy protein (1.63 MPa for soy protein). The high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids in PI (57%) was likely a key factor in the increased water resistance of PI compared with soy protein (36% hydrophobic amino acids). These results indicated that sorghum protein has huge potential as an alternative to petroleum-based adhesives.

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Acknowledgments

The authors extend their gratitude to Dr. Dan Bolye for TEM tests. The authors also thank Dave Trumble for carrying out the chemical analysis. This article has a contribution No. 11-203-J from the Kansas Agricultural Experimental Station, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Ningbo Li, Ying Wang, Xiaorong Wu & Donghai Wang

  2. USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA

    Michael Tilley & Scott R. Bean

  3. Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA

    Xiuzhi Susan Sun

Authors
  1. Ningbo Li
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  2. Ying Wang
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  3. Michael Tilley
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  5. Xiaorong Wu
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  6. Xiuzhi Susan Sun
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  7. Donghai Wang
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Correspondence to Donghai Wang.

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Li, N., Wang, Y., Tilley, M. et al. Adhesive Performance of Sorghum Protein Extracted from Sorghum DDGS and Flour. J Polym Environ 19, 755–765 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-011-0305-5

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