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Valorisation of Vegetal Wastes as a Source of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

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Abstract

Different qualities of CMC were prepared from an agricultural residue (date palm rachis) and a marine waste (Posidonia oceanica). These starting lignocellulosic materials were used as such and after chemical pulping and bleaching. The carboxymethylation reaction was carried out in presence of NaOH (40%) and monochloroacetic acid (ClCH2COOH, MAC), in n-butanol as the reaction solvent. The substitution degrees (DS) of the obtained CMCs varied from 0.67 to 1.62 and between 0.98 and 1.86, for P. oceanica and date palm rachis, respectively. The CP-MAS 13C-NMR spectra of the prepared polyelectrolytes displayed the presence of the main peaks associated with cellulose macromolecules (C1–C6) and that corresponding to carboxyl functions at around 175 ppm. Unfortunately, the peak attributed to methylene groups neighbouring carboxyl moieties are overlapped by C2 and C3, which renders them hardly detectable. Nevertheless, it is worth noting that the CP-MAS 13C-NMR spectra revealed the presence of different signals originating from residual impurities (ca. 27 ppm), such as traces of lignin macromolecules (110–150 ppm) and methyl groups attributed to hemicelluloses. Work is in progress to establish a more efficient purification procedure, in order to have more accurate values of DS.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would express their sincere thanks to “IFC”, Institut de Coopération Francaise de l’ambassade de France en Tunisie and the Région Rhône Alpes (Mira program) for their financial supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unity of Applied Chemistry and Environment, FSM-Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia

    R. Khiari & M. F. Mhenni

  2. Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers UMR CNRS 5518, Grenoble INP-Pagora, 461 Rue de la Papeterie-BP 65, 38402, Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France

    R. Khiari, M. N. Belgacem & E. Mauret

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  1. R. Khiari
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  2. M. F. Mhenni
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  3. M. N. Belgacem
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  4. E. Mauret
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Correspondence to M. N. Belgacem.

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Khiari, R., Mhenni, M.F., Belgacem, M.N. et al. Valorisation of Vegetal Wastes as a Source of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. J Polym Environ 19, 80–89 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-010-0207-y

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