Abstract
Well known requirements for handling multimedia flows in routers are resource reservation and fast packets forwarding. The former takes into account the quite stable and long lasting bandwidth occupation, whereas the latter takes into account the large number of packets routed along the same path. Many techniques have been proposed and standardized to face these requirements, but their application is often complex, expensive and sometimes limited by the need of agreements between network managers of the many networks and Autonomous Systems. This paper introduces IMFM (Integrated Multimedia Flows Management), an innovative, scalable, and extremely lightweight technique to provide routers deterministic and dynamic resource reservation and a fast forwarding table lookup. It is based on a distributed linked data structure that allows direct (searchless) access to entries in the routers’ tables, extending the resource reservation algorithm REBOOK. Unlike conventional virtual circuits, IMFM does not require any interaction with (nor change in) the underlying routing protocols and autonomously recovers from errors, faults and route changes. If information stored in its data structure becomes obsolete, packet handling is reverted to best-effort, lookup-driven forwarding, so that packets are never dropped nor misrouted. IMFM can be gradually deployed, providing a framework for congestion avoidance solutions and increasing the forwarding speed in IMFM-aware router even along partially IMFM-unaware paths. IMFM has been fully implemented. Experiments have been designed to demonstrate its feasibility and the measured performance is reported and compared with existing techniques.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Montessoro, P.L., De Caneva, D.: REBOOK: a deterministic, robust and scalable resource booking algorithm. J. Netw. Syst. Manag. (Springer) 18(4), 418–446 (2010)
Blanchini, F., Casagrande, D., Montessoro, P.L.: A novel algorithm for dynamic admission control of elastic flows. In: Proceedings of 50th FITCE congress, pp. 110–115, Palermo, Italy, August 31th–September 3rd (2011)
IETF Congestion Exposure (conex) working group web site. http://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/conex/charter/
Moors, T.: A critical review of “End-to-end arguments in system design”. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. 2, 1214–1219 (2002)
Papadimitriou, D., Welzl, M., Scharf, M., Briscoe, B.: Open Research Issues in Internet Congestion Control. RFC 6077 (2011)
Saltzer, J., Reed, D., Clark, D.: End-to-end arguments in system design. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 2(4), 277–288 (1984)
Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., Callon, R.: MPLS Architecture. RFC 3031 (2001)
Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V., Swallow, G.: RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels. RFC 3209 (2001)
Minei, I.: MPLS DiffServ-aware Traffic Engineering. White Paper, Juniper Networks (2004)
Sharma, V., Hellstrand, F.: Framework for Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS)-Based Recovery. RFC 3469 (2003)
Welzl, M.: Network Congestion Control—Managing Internet Traffic. Wiley, Chichester (2005)
Katabi, D., Handley, M.: Congestion Control for High BandwidthDelay Product Networks. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2002, vol. 32, Issue 4 (2002)
Welzl, M. (ed.): Performance transparency protocol/congestion avoidance with distributed proportional control. In: Scalable Performance Signalling and Congestion Avoidance. Springer (originally Kluwer), Berlin (2003). ISBN 978-1-4020-7570-4. http://www.springer.com/computer/communication+networks/book/978-1-4020-7570-4
Katz, D.: IP Router Alert Option. RFC 2113 (1997)
Zhang, L., Deering, S.E., Estrin, D., Shenker, S., Zappala, D.: RSVP: a new resource ReSerVation protocol. IEEE Netw. 7(5), 8–18 (1993)
Mathy, L., Hutchison, D., Schmid, S., Coulson, G.: Improving RSVP for Better Support of Internet Multimedia Communications. In: Proceedings of ICMS’999, pp. 102–106, Florence, Italy, June 9–11. IEEE Press (1999)
Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A.: Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. In: Imielinski, T., Korth, H. (eds.) Mobile Computing, chapter 5, pp. 153–181. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1996). http://www.worldcat.org/title/mobile-computing/oclc/246512441?referer=di&ht=edition
Johnson, D.B., Maltz, D.A.: Protocols for adaptive wireless and mobile networking. IEEE Pers. Commun. 3(1), 34–42 (1996)
Arianfar, S., Nikander, P., Ott, J.: On Content-Centric Router Design and Implications. ACM ReArch 2010, Philadelphia, USA, November 30, 2010
Rexford, J., Wang, J., Xiao Z., Zhang, Y.: BGP routing stability of popular destinations. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurment (IMW ‘02), pp. 197–202. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2002)
Pescapè, A., Romano, S.P., Esposito, M., Avallone, S., Ventre, G.: Measuring MPLS overhead. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Communication (ICCC ‘02), Washington, DC, USA (2002)
Hariguchi, Y.: ART—Allotment Routing Table—A Fast Free Multibit Trie Based Routing Table. http://www.hariguchi.org/art/art.pdf
Hsieh, S.Y., Huang, C.W., Huang, Y.L., Yang, Y.C.: A novel dynamic router-tables design for ip lookup and update. In: Proceedings International Conference on Future Information Technology (FutureTech 2010)
PassMark web site. http://www.passmark.com
10-Gigabit Ethernet Switch Performance Testing, white paper, Ixia web site. http://www.ixiacom.com/library/white_papers/display?skey=10ge
MacAulay, A., Felts, B., Fisher, Y.: IP Streaming of MPEG-4: Native RTP vs MPEG-2 Transport Stream, white paper, Envivio web site. http://www.envivio.com/files/white-papers/RTPvsTS-v4.pdf
VLC, open-source multimedia framework, player and server. http://www.videolan.org/vlc/
XORP. http://www.xorp.org/
FREESCO. http://www.freesco.info/
BIRD. http://bird.network.cz/
Juniper Networks SDK. http://www.juniper.net/us/en/products-services/junos-developer/junos-sdk/
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Montessoro, P.L. Efficient Management and Packets Forwarding for Multimedia Flows. J Netw Syst Manage 21, 194–217 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-012-9232-6
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-012-9232-6