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Highly Sensitive Low-Energy Laser Sensing Based on Sweep Pulse Excitation for Bolt Loosening Diagnosis

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Abstract

The hammering method used by inspectors is generally applied to inspection of looseness of bolted parts. This method entails active sensing through the input of an excitation signal produced by the inspectors, and has the advantage of practical experience acquired over many years. The sound (vibration) and sensation produced upon excitation by a hammer can be used as indices, but also leads to the disadvantage of unavoidable qualitative testing and human error. Laser remote sensing (LRS) uses the same diagnostic principle as the hammering test for remote, high-speed, and quantitative inspection. However, the accuracy of LRS must be improved and the required pulse energy must be reduced. Hence, we propose the sweep pulse excitation method, which realizes LRS with low pulse energy through the resonance oscillation caused by sweeping the laser irradiation frequency. A performance test on bolted joints was conducted with regard to bolt loosening diagnosis using two methods, namely, the conventional single-pulse excitation method and the sweep pulse excitation method. With the sweep pulse excitation method, the laser-induced vibration is produced only by absorbing the laser pulse energy which is caused by thermo-elastic waves and without using the elastic wave induced by the laser ablation. The experimental and calculation results reveal that, with the proposed method, the measurement accuracy improved by 104 times, while the required pulse energy decreased by 102 times. The adaptability of the low-pulse energy laser contributes toward the development of inspection systems because it achieves size and cost reduction, and inspection convenience.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially funded by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (C) and Young Scientists under Grant Nos. 19K04286 and 20K14684 from JSPS. Additionally, this study was supported by the 2020 Kindai University Research Enhancement Grant (SR07).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishi-Mitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan

    Katsuhiro Mikami & Hiroaki Nishikawa

  2. Collaborative Open Research Center, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan

    Yue Zhao

  3. Department of Applied Physics, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan

    Masato Morita & Tetsuo Sakamoto

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  1. Katsuhiro Mikami
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  2. Yue Zhao
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  3. Masato Morita
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  4. Tetsuo Sakamoto
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  5. Hiroaki Nishikawa
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Correspondence to Katsuhiro Mikami.

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Mikami, K., Zhao, Y., Morita, M. et al. Highly Sensitive Low-Energy Laser Sensing Based on Sweep Pulse Excitation for Bolt Loosening Diagnosis. J Nondestruct Eval 40, 12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-020-00746-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-020-00746-6

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