Abstract
This paper presents new damage indicators and current capabilities of a dynamics-based Boundary Effect Evaluation Method (BEEM) for damage inspection of large one-and two-dimensional structures. Damage introduces new boundaries to a structure, and influences of boundaries on steady-state high-frequency dynamic response are spatially localized effects. The BEEM is a signal processing method that takes advantage of these localized effects in performing area-by-area extraction of damage-induced boundary effects from steady-state Operational Deflection Shapes (ODSs) to reveal damage locations. Steady-state ODSs of a structure can be measured using a scanning laser vibrometer or any other full-field measurement tool, and the BEEM decomposes an ODS into central and boundary solutions by using a sliding-window least-squares data-fitting technique. Numerical and experimental results show that boundary solutions are excellent damage indicators because of Gibb’s phenomenon, and the central solutions can be used to clearly identify actual boundary conditions. Except for experimental ODSs of the damaged structure the method requires no model or historical data for comparison. Experimental results of many one-and two-dimensional structures validate the high sensitivity and accuracy of BEEM for detection and estimation of multiple small defects in structures.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. A. Collacott, Structural Integrity Monitoring (Chapman and Hall, New York, 1985).
S. W. Doebling, C. R. Farrar, M. B. Prime, and D. W. Shevitz, Damage Identification and Health Monitoring of Structural and Mechanical Systems from Changes in Their Vibration Characteristics: A Literature Review, Report No. LA-13070-MS, (Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1996).
P. F. Pai, Y. Oh, and S. Y. Lee, Detection of defects in circular plates using a scanning laser vibrometer, Struct. Health Monit. 1, pp. 63–88 (2002).
C. S. Wang, and F. K. Chang, Built-in Diagnostics for Impact Damage Identification of Composite Structures, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, (San Francisco, CA, 1999).
X. T. C. Man, L. M. McClure, Z. Wang and R. D. Finch, Slot depth resolution in vibration signature monitoring of beams using frequency shift, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95(4), pp. 2029–2037 (1994).
M. H. H. Shen and C. Pierre, Natural modes of bernoulli-euler beams with symmetric cracks, J. Sound Vib. 138(1), pp. 115–134 (1990).
S. Jin and P.F. Pai, Locating structural defects using operational deflection shapes, J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct. 11(8), pp. 613–630 (2000).
P. F. Pai, L. Huang, S. H. Gopalakrishnamurthy and J.H. Chung, Identification and applications of boundary effects in beams, Int. J. Solids Struct. 41, pp. 3053–3080 (2004a).
P. F. Pai, B. S. Kim and J. H. Chung, Dynamics-based damage inspection of an aircraft wing panel, J. Intelligent Mater. Syst. Struct. 15, pp. 803–821 (2004b).
P. F. Pai and S. Jin, Locating structural damage by detecting boundary effects, J. Sound Vib. 231(4), pp. 1079–1110 (2000).
P. F. Pai and L. G. Young, Damage detection of beams using operational deflection shapes, Int. J. Solids Struct. 38(18), pp. 3161–3192 (2001).
P. F. Pai, L. G. Young and S. Y. Lee, A dynamics-based method for crack detection and estimation, Struct. Health Monit. 2, pp. 5–25 (2003).
L. Meirovitch, Analytical Methods in Vibrations (The Macmillan Company, London, 1967).
D. Iesan, St. Venant's Problem, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, No. 1279, A. Dold and B. Eckmann, editors, (Springer, New York, 1987).
S. Christides and A. D. S. Barr, One-dimensional theory of cracked bernoulli-euler beams, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 26, pp. 639–649 (1984).
T. Y. Kam and T. Y. Lee, Identification of crack size via an energy approach, J. Nondestr. Eval. 13(1), pp. 1–11 (1994a).
T. Y. Kam and T. Y. Lee, Crack size identification using an expanded mode method, Int. J. Solids Struct. 31(7), pp. 925–940 (1994b).
G. L. Qian, S. N. Gu and J. S. Jiang, The dynamic behavior and crack detection of a beam with a crack, J. Sound Vib. 138(2), pp. 233–243 (1990).
H. Tada, P. Paris and G. Irwin, The Stress Analysis of Cracks Handbook, 3rd ed. (ASME Press, New York, 2000).
T. L. Anderson, Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1991).
D. Broek, Elementary Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 4th ed. (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1986).
I. H. Shames and C. L. Dym, Energy and Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985).
A. W. Leissa, O. G. McGee, C. S. Huang, Vibration of circular plates having V-notches or sharp radial cracks, J. Sound Vib. 161, pp. 227–239 (1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pai, P.F., Huang, L. Dynamics- and Laser-Based Boundary Effect Evaluation Method for Damage Inspection of One- and Two-Dimensional Structures. J Nondestruct Eval 25, 83–105 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-006-0010-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10921-006-0010-9