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Algorithms for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Digital Fundus Images: A Review

Journal of Medical Systems volume 36, pages 145–157 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic end organ disease that occurs when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or the body is unable to process it properly. Over time, diabetes affects the circulatory system, including that of the retina. Diabetic retinopathy is a medical condition where the retina is damaged because fluid leaks from blood vessels into the retina. Ophthalmologists recognize diabetic retinopathy based on features, such as blood vessel area, exudes, hemorrhages, microaneurysms and texture. In this paper we review algorithms used for the extraction of these features from digital fundus images. Furthermore, we discuss systems that use these features to classify individual fundus images. The classifications efficiency of different DR systems is discussed. Most of the reported systems are highly optimized with respect to the analyzed fundus images, therefore a generalization of individual results is difficult. However, this review shows that the classification results improved has improved recently, and it is getting closer to the classification capabilities of human ophthalmologists.

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Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore, Singapore, 599489

    Oliver Faust & Rajendra Acharya U.

  2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798

    E. Y. K. Ng

  3. Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kwan-Hoong Ng

  4. Biomedical Technologies, Denver, CO, USA

    Jasjit S. Suri

  5. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA

    Jasjit S. Suri

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  1. Oliver Faust
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  2. Rajendra Acharya U.
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Faust, O., Acharya U., R., Ng, E.Y.K. et al. Algorithms for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Digital Fundus Images: A Review. J Med Syst 36, 145–157 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-010-9454-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-010-9454-7

Keywords

  • Diabetic retinopathy
  • Fundus images
  • Automated detection
  • Blood vessel area
  • Exudes
  • Hemorrhages
  • Microaneurysms
  • Maculopathy