Abstract
The paper concerns the numerical solution for three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems in a two-layer medium. The Cartesian perfectly matched layer (PML) method is adopted to truncate the unbounded physical domain into a bounded computational domain. Although the PML method has been used widely to solve electromagnetic scattering problems, rigorous finite element error analyses are still rare in the literature, particularly, for electromagnetic scattering problems in layered media. This paper presents a thorough error analysis for finite element approximation to the scattering problems in a two-layer medium with PML boundary condition. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the PML method and the optimal convergence of the finite element solution.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of Data and Materials
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are included in this published article and available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Abarbanel, S., Gottlieb, D., Hesthaven, J.S.: Long time behavior of the perfectly matched layer equations in computational electromagnetics. J. Sci. Comput. 17, 405–422 (2002)
Amrouche, C., Bernardi, C., Dauge, M., Girault, V.: Vector potentials in threedimensional in three-dimensional non-smooth domains. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 21, 823–864 (1998)
Bao, G., Wu, H.: Convergence analysis of the perfectly matched layer problems for time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 43, 2121–2143 (2005)
Bao, G., Chen, Z., Wu, H.: An adaptive finite element method for diffraction gratings. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 22, 1106–1114 (2005)
Bao, G., Li, P., Wu, H.: An adaptive finite element method with perfectly matched absorbing layers for wave scattering by periodic structures. Math. Comput. 79, 1–34 (2010)
Bérénger, J.P.: A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves. J. Comput. Phys. 114, 185–200 (1994)
Bramble, J.H., Pasciak, J.E.: Analysis of a finite PML approximation for the three dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell and acoustic scattering problems. Math. Comput. 76, 597–614 (2007)
Bramble, J.H., Pasciak, J.E.: Analysis of a finite element PML approximation for the three dimensional time-harmonic Maxwell problem. Math. Comput. 77, 1–10 (2008)
Bramble, J.H., Pasciak, J.E., Trenev, D.: Analysis of a finite PML approximation to the three dimensional elastic wave scattering problem. Math. Comput. 79, 2079–2101 (2010)
Bramble, J.H., Pasciak, J.E.: Analysis of a Cartesian PML approximation to the three dimensional electromagnetic wave scattering problem. Int. J. Numer. Anal. Model. 9, 543–561 (2012)
Bramble, J.H., Pasciak, J.E.: Analysis of a Cartesian PML approximation to acoustic scattering problems in \({\mathbb{R}}^2\) and \({\mathbb{R}}^3\). J. Comput. Appl. Math. 247, 209–230 (2013)
Buffa, A., Costabel, M., Sheen, D.: On traces for \( {H}( {curl},\Omega )\) in Lipschitz domains. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 276, 845–867 (2002)
Chew, W.-C.: Waves and Fields in Inhomogenous Media. Van Nodtrand Reimhold, New York (1990)
Chen, J., Chen, Z.: An adaptive perfectly matched layer technique for 3D time-harmonic electromagnetic scattering problems. Math. Comput. 77, 673–698 (2008)
Chen, M., Huang, Y., Li, J.: Development and analysis of a new finite element method for the Cohen-Monk PML model. Numerische Mathematik 147, 127–155 (2021)
Chen, Z., Cui, T., Zhang, L.: An adaptive uniaxial perfectly matched layer method for time harmonic Maxwell scattering problems. Numer. Math. 125, 639–677 (2013)
Chen, Z., Liu, X.: An adaptive perfectly matched layer technique for time-harmonic scattering problems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 43, 645–671 (2005)
Chen, Z., Wu, X.: An adaptive uniaxial perfectly matched layer method for time-harmonic scattering problems. Numer. Math. Theory Methods Appl. 1, 113–137 (2008)
Chen, Z., Wu, X.: Long-time stability and convergence of the uniaxial perfectly matched layer method for time-domain acoustic scattering problems. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 50, 2632–2655 (2012)
Chen, Z., Zheng, W.: Convergence of the uniaxial perfectly matched layer method for time-harmonic scattering problems in two-layer media. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 48, 2158–2185 (2010)
Chen, Z., Xiang, X., Zhang, X.: Convergence of the PML method for elastic wave scattering problems. Math. Comput. 85, 2687–2714 (2016)
Chen, Z., Zheng, W.: PML method for electromagnetic scattering problem in a two-layer medium. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 55, 2050–2084 (2017)
Collino, F., Monk, P.: The perfectly matched layer in curvilinear coordinates. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 19, 2061–2090 (1998)
Cutzach, P.M., Hazard, C.: Existence and uniqueness and analyticity properties for electromagnetic scattering in a two-layered medium. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 21, 433–461 (1998)
Duan, X., Jiang, X., Zheng, W.: Exponential convergence of Cartesian PML method for Maxwell’s equations in a two-layer medium. ESAIM Math. Model. Numer. Anal. (M2AN), 54, 929–956 (2020)
Girault, V., Raviart, P.A.: Finite Element Methods for Navier–Stokes Equations. Springer, Berlin (1980)
Hagstrom, T.: Radiation boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of waves. Acta Numerica 8, 47–106 (1999)
Hohage, T., Schmidt, F., Zschiedrich, L.: Solving time-harmonic scattering problems based on the pole condition. II. Convergence of the PML method. SIAM J. Math. Anal. 35, 547–560 (2003)
Huang, Y., Chen, M., Li, J.: Development and analysis of both finite element and fourth-order in space finite difference methods for an equivalent Berenger’s PML model. J. Comput. Phys. 405, 109154 (2020)
Jiang, X., Zheng, W.: Adaptive uniaxial perfectly matched layer method for multiple scattering problems. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 201, 42–52 (2012)
Jiang, X., Zhang, L., Zheng, W.: Adaptive hp-finite element computations for time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations. Commun. Comput. Phys. 13, 559–582 (2013)
Jiang, X., Li, P., Lv, J., Zheng, W.: An adaptive finite element PML method for the elastic wave scattering problem in periodic structure. ESAIM Math. Model. Numer. Anal. 51, 2017–2047 (2016)
Jiang, X., Li, P., Lv, J., Zheng, W.: Convergence of the PML solution for elastic wave scattering by biperiodic structures. Commun. Math. Sci. 16, 987–1016 (2018)
Jiang, X., Qi, Y., Yuan, J.: An adaptive finite element PML method for the acoustic scattering problems in layered media. Commun. Comput. Phys. 25, 266–288 (2019)
Lassas, M., Somersalo, E.: On the existence and convergence of the solution of PML equations. Computing 60, 229–241 (1998)
Lassas, M., Somersalo, E.: Analysis of the PML equations in general convex geometry. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. 131, 1183–1207 (2001)
Li, P.: Coupling of finite element and boundary integral method for electromagnetic scattering in a two-layered medium. J. Comput. Phys. 229, 481–497 (2010)
Monk, P.: Finite Element Methods for Maxwell’s Equations. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2003)
Mumps: a multifrontal massively parallel sparse direct solver, http://mumps.enseeiht.fr/
Teixeira, F.L., Chew, W.C., et al.: Advances in the theory of perfectly matched layers. In: Chew, W.C. (ed.) Fast and Efficient Algorithms in Computational Electromagnetics, pp. 283–346. Artech House, Boston (2001)
Turkel, E., Yefet, A.: Absorbing PML boundary layers for wave-like equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 27, 533–557 (1998)
Wu, X., Zheng, W.: An adaptive perfectly matched layer method for multiple cavity scattering problems. Commun. Comput. Phys. 19, 534–558 (2016)
PHG (Parallel Hierarchical Grid), http://lsec.cc.ac.cn/phg/
Zhang, L., Zheng, W., Lu, B., Cui, T., Leng, W., Lin, D.: The toolbox PHG and its applications. Sci. Sin. Inf. 46, 1442–1464 (2016)
Funding
Xue Jiang was partially supported by China NSF Grant 11771057.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
XJ: conceptualization (equal); formal analysis (equal); software (equal); writing (equal). XD: formal analysis (equal); writing (equal).
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Code Availability
Available upon reasonable request.
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The first author is supported in part by China NSF Grant 11771057.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, X., Duan, X. A PML Finite Element Method for Electromagnetic Scattering Problems in a Two-Layer Medium. J Sci Comput 90, 34 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-021-01678-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-021-01678-7
Keywords
- Electromagnetic scattering problem
- Two-layer medium
- Cartesian perfectly matched layer
- Finite element method
- Optimal error estimates