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A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil)

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Abstract

The Paleogene vertebrate-bearing sites of Brazil are restricted to few formations such as Maria Farinha (Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene), Itaboraí (early Eocene), Entre-Córregos (Eocene-Oligocene), and Tremembé (late Oligocene-early Miocene). A new Paleogene fauna is reported from an outcrop of the Guabirotuba Formation located at Curitiba, Paraná State, southern Brazil. The Guabirotuba Formation is a stratigraphic unit of the Curitiba Basin, which belongs to the Cenozoic continental rift system of southeastern Brazil, a predominantly half-graben and horst system. The sedimentary facies indicate a fluvial distributary depositional system associated with floodplain, generated under humid climate conditions alternating with drier periods. This new Paleogene fauna, here named the Guabirotuba Fauna, has invertebrate and vertebrate taxa, including mammals (Cingulata, Notoungulata, Astrapotheria, and Metatheria). The fossil remains of seven armored xenarthrans are identified, including the description of a new species and genus named Proeocoleophorus carlinii. The Guabirotuba ungulates are assigned to Interatheriidae, Oldfieldthomasiidae, and Astrapotheria. The metatherian mammals are represented by a sparassodont, a palaeothentoid, and an argyrolagoid. This new mammalian fauna preliminarily suggests a late middle Eocene age (Barrancan South American Land Mammal Age) for the Guabirotuba Formation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), which provided financial support to the project (process number 486692/2012-4), Doctoral Grant to David D. da Silva (process number 140772/2012-0), grant to Ana M. Ribeiro (process number 312085/2013-3), Édison V. de Oliveira (process number 303741/2013-9), and Luiz A. Fernandes (PQ process number 303802/2013-8), and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior) for providing Master’s Grant to Renata F. Cunha. The authors would like to thank the Natural Science Museum - Federal University of Paraná for providing infrastructure and facilities for the study of the specimens. We thank Pierre-Oliver Antoine and Francois Pujos who invited us and coordinated this special issue; Sibelle T. Disaró, Leonardo Kerber, Ana T. B. Guimarães, and Rafael C. da Silva who gave us valorous suggestions. We also thank to Ricardo L.V. Queiroz and Andrea A. Doris for helping in the English revision, Thiago G. da Silva (Analysis Laboratory of Minerals and Rocks – LAMIR –Federal University of Paraná) for Micro-CT scan images, and Eduardo S. Suzuki for their assistance in photographs preparation. The authors are grateful to Antonio Liccardo and Luiz C. Weinschütz for their pioneer works, and Victor E. Pauliv, Marcel B. Lacerda, Wagner L. Gogola, Thiago Carlisbino, Orestes Jarentchuk Junior, and other colleagues, students, and friends that helped in the fieldwork.

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Sedor, F.A., Oliveira, É.V., Silva, D.D. et al. A New South American Paleogene Land Mammal Fauna, Guabirotuba Formation (Southern Brazil). J Mammal Evol 24, 39–55 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9364-7

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