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Tropical Fossil Caviomorph Rodents from the Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia in the Context of the South American Faunas: Systematics, Biochronology, and Paleobiogeography

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Abstract

The fossil-bearing stratigraphic sections of the Solimões Formation (southwestern Brazilian Amazonia) are exposed mainly along the Juruá, Purus, and Acre rivers, and in road cuts. These deposits have provided fossils of the four main lineages of Caviomorpha – Cavioidea, Erethizontoidea, Octodontoidea, and Chinchilloidea, contributing to the understanding on the evolution of tropical Neogene rodents. Herein, our knowledge about fossil rodents from this region is reviewed. New specimens are recorded, including taxa mentioned for this region for the first time, such as basal cavioids, Dolichotinae, Caviodon (Hydrochoeridae), and Drytomomys (Dinomyidae). Unfortunately, the deposits have no absolute ages, and based on palynological data and the biochronology of several taxa (mainly mammals), the encompassed fauna has been constrained to the late Miocene. However, some rodent lineages recorded here seem to be more related to older faunas, from the middle Miocene and Paleogene. Regarding the biogeographic and paleoenvironmental affinities, most of the Neogene rodents from the Acre region show more similarities to those from the Entre Rios, Argentina, and Urumaco, Venezuela, where wet environments were present during Neogene times. An increase in prospecting along southwestern Amazonian rivers looking for rodents (among other vertebrates) associated with methods to better constrain the ages of these faunal assemblages will contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the tropical rodents as well as the stratigraphy and age of that portion of the basin.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to express our gratitude to: Pierre-Olivier Antoine and François Pujos, editors of the special volume – Evolution of Tropical-Equatorial Mammals; CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Tecnologia) [Processes CNPq 163168/2014-8, 201356/2015-5 (L.K); CNPq/PQ-312085/2013-3 (A.M.R)]; MCTI (Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Informação/UFAC (Campus Floresta)]; FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Process FAPESP 2011/14080-0, Annie S. Hsiou), for financial support of the fieldwork; UFAC team (Alceu Ranzi, José Carlos R. dos Santos, Edson Guilherme, Jean Bocquentin-Villanueva, Andréa Maciente, among others) who collected the studied material housed in UFAC. FZBRS, for the infrastructure; E.L. Mayer for the help with the SEM images; A. Kramarz for the help with the matrix published in Kramarz et al. (2013); MG Vucetich for the discussion about the identification of the specimens; Renata Cunha for the artwork of the Solimões Formation; FZBRS, for the infrastructure; L. Marivaux and other two anonymous reviewers for their commentaries that improved this work; Katarzyna Piper, for the English review; TNT v.1.1 was used for phylogenetic analysis. This is a program made freely available thanks to a subsidy by the Willi Hennig Society.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CAPPA - Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rua Maximiliano Vizzotto, São João do Polêsine, 598, Brazil

    Leonardo Kerber

  2. Laboratório de Paleontologia, Campus Floresta, Universidade Federal do Acre, Estrada do Canela Fina, Km 12, Cruzeiro do Sul, AC, 69.980-000, Brazil

    Francisco Ricardo Negri

  3. Seção de Paleontologia, Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Av. Salvador França, 1427, Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-000, Brazil

    Ana Maria Ribeiro & Jorge Ferigolo

  4. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, INSUGEO, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

    Norma Nasif

  5. Laboratório de Paleontologia, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Universitário BR 364, Km 04 – Distrito industrial, Rio Branco, AC, 69920-900, Brazil

    Jonas Pereira Souza-Filho

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  1. Leonardo Kerber
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Correspondence to Leonardo Kerber.

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Kerber, L., Negri, F.R., Ribeiro, A.M. et al. Tropical Fossil Caviomorph Rodents from the Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia in the Context of the South American Faunas: Systematics, Biochronology, and Paleobiogeography. J Mammal Evol 24, 57–70 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-016-9340-2

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