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A Method of Measuring TES Complex ETF Response in Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout by Single Sideband Power Modulation

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Abstract

The digital frequency-domain multiplexing technique is widely used for astrophysical instruments with large detector arrays. Detailed detector characterization is required for instrument calibration and systematics control. We conduct the TES complex electrothermal-feedback response measurement with the DfMux readout system as follows. By injecting a single sideband signal, we induce modulation in TES power dissipation over a frequency range encompassing the detector response. The modulated current signal induced by TES heating effect is measured, allowing for the ETF response characterization of the detector. With the injection of an upper sideband, the TES readout current shows both an upper and a lower sideband. We model the upper and lower sideband complex ETF response and verify the model by fitting to experimental data. The model not only can fit for certain physical parameters of the detector, such as loop gain, temperature sensitivity, current sensitivity, and time constant, but also enables us to estimate the systematic effect introduced by the multiplexed readout. The method is therefore useful for in situ detector calibration and for estimating systematic effects during astronomical telescope observations, such as those performed by the upcoming LiteBIRD satellite.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Center for Quantum-field Measurement Systems for Studies of the Universe and Particles (QUP), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050801, Japan

    Yu Zhou, Tijmen de Haan, Hiroki Akamatsu, Daisuke Kaneko, Masashi Hazumi & Masaya Hasegawa

  2. Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050801, Japan

    Tijmen de Haan & Masaya Hasegawa

  3. The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan

    Hiroki Akamatsu, Masashi Hazumi & Masaya Hasegawa

  4. Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Niels Bohrweg 4, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Hiroki Akamatsu

  5. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 2520222, Japan

    Masashi Hazumi

  6. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU), University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 2778583, Japan

    Masashi Hazumi

  7. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Aritoki Suzuki

  8. Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

    Adrian T. Lee

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  1. Yu Zhou
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  2. Tijmen de Haan
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  3. Hiroki Akamatsu
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  4. Daisuke Kaneko
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  5. Masashi Hazumi
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  6. Masaya Hasegawa
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  7. Aritoki Suzuki
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  8. Adrian T. Lee
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Contributions

ZY and DT wrote the main manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yu Zhou.

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Zhou, Y., de Haan, T., Akamatsu, H. et al. A Method of Measuring TES Complex ETF Response in Frequency-Domain Multiplexed Readout by Single Sideband Power Modulation. J Low Temp Phys (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-024-03107-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-024-03107-z

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