Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance of a 200 mm Diameter Achromatic HWP with Laser-Ablated Sub-Wavelength Structures

  • Published:
Journal of Low Temperature Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We laser-ablated sub-wavelength structures (SWS) on 200 mm diameter birefringent sapphire disks to produce broadband anti-reflection coating (ARC). The disks were assembled into a stack of five plates making an achromatic half-wave plate (AHWP) suitable for operation between 40 and 140 GHz. We report on the SWS fabrication and transmission measurements of the stack at room temperature. From the measurements, we compute a band average transmission and modulation efficiency for nine spectral bands that correspond to the frequency coverage of the LiteBIRD Low-Frequency Telescope (LFT). We also assess the level of instrumental polarization the AHWP exhibits. We discuss paths for further development to minimize the instrumental polarization from the AHWP. This work is a development milestone toward the implementation of an AHWP for the LiteBIRD satellite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Guth, Inflationary universe: a possible solution to the horizon and flatness problems. Phys. Rev. D 23, 347–356 (1981)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Sato, First-order phase transition of a vacuum and the expansion of the Universe. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 195(3), 467–479 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Kamionkowski, A. Kosowsky, A. Stebbins, Statistics of cosmic microwave background polarization. Phys. Rev. D 55, 7368–7388 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. M. Zaldarriaga, U. Seljak, All-sky analysis of polarization in the microwave background. Phys. Rev. D 55, 1830–1840 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. T. Tomaru, M. Hazumi, A.T. Lee, P. Ade, K. Arnold, D. Barron, J. Borrill, S. Chapman, Y. Chinone, M. Dobbs, J. Errard, G. Fabbian, A. Ghribi, W. Grainger, N. Halverson, M. Hasegawa, K. Hattori, W.L. Holzapfel, Y. Inoue, S. Ishii, Y. Kaneko, B. Keating, Z. Kermish, N. Kimura, T. Kisner, W. Kranz, F. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, H. Morii, M.J. Myers, H. Nishino, T. Okamura, E. Quealy, C.L. Reichardt, P.L. Richards, D. Rosen, C. Ross, A. Shimizu, M. Sholl, P. Siritanasak, P. Smith, N. Stebor, R. Stompor, A. Suzuki, Jun ichi Suzuki, Suguru Takada, Ken ichi Tanaka, and Oliver Zahn. The POLARBEAR-2 experiment, in Millimeter. ed. by W.S. Holland. Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, volume 8452. (International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2012), pp.437–446

    Google Scholar 

  6. J. Hubmayr, J.W. Appel, J.E. Austermann, J.A. Beall, D. Becker, B.A. Benson, L.E. Bleem, J.E. Carlstrom, C.L. Chang, H.M. Cho, A.T. Crites, T. Essinger-Hileman, A. Fox, E.M. George, N.W. Halverson, N.L. Harrington, J.W. Henning, G.C. Hilton, W.L. Holzapfel, K.D. Irwin, A.T. Lee, D. Li, J. McMahon, J. Mehl, T. Natoli, M.D. Niemack, L.B. Newburgh, J.P. Nibarger, L.P. Parker, B.L. Schmitt, S.T. Staggs, J. Van Lanen, E.J. Wollack, K.W. Yoon, An all silicon feedhorn-coupled focal plane for cosmic microwave background polarimetry. J. Low Temp. Phys. 167(5), 904–910 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. ...R.J. Thornton, P.A.R. Ade, S. Aiola, F.E. Angile, M. Amiri, J.A. Beall, D.T. Becker, H.-M. Cho, S.K. Choi, P. Corlies, K.P. Coughlin, R. Datta, M.J. Devlin, S.R. Dicker, R. Dunner, J.W. Fowler, A.E. Fox, P.A. Gallardo, J. Gao, E. Grace, M. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, S.W. Henderson, G.C. Hilton, A.D. Hincks, S.P. Ho, J. Hubmayr, K.D. Irwin, J. Klein, B. Koopman, D. Li, T. Louis, M. Lungu, L. Maurin, J. McMahon, C.D. Munson, S. Naess, F. Nati, L. Newburgh, J. Nibarger, M.D. Niemack, P. Niraula, M.R. Nolta, L.A. Page, C.G. Pappas, A. Schillaci, B.L. Schmitt, N. Sehgal, J.L. Sievers, S.M. Simon, S.T. Staggs, C. Tucker, M. Uehara, J. van Lanen, J.T. Ward, E.J. Wollack, The atacama cosmology telescope: the polarization-sensitive ACTPol instrument. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 227(2), 21 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. B.R. Johnson, J. Collins, M.E. Abroe, P.A.R. Ade, J. Bock, J. Borrill, A. Boscaleri, P. de Bernardis, S. Hanany, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jones, A.T. Lee, L. Levinson, T. Matsumura, B. Rabii, T. Renbarger, P.L. Richards, G.F. Smoot, R. Stompor, H.T. Tran, C.D. Winant, J.H.P. Wu, J. Zuntz, MAXIPOL: cosmic microwave background polarimetry using a rotating half-wave plate. Astrophys. J. 665(1), 42–54 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Sekimoto et al., Concept design of the LiteBIRD satellite for CMB B-mode polarization, in Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Optical. ed. by M. Lystrup, H.A. MacEwen, G.G. Fazio, N. Batalha, N. Siegler, E.C. Tong. Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, volume 10698. (International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2018), pp.613–629

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Kusaka, T. Essinger-Hileman, J.W. Appel, P. Gallardo, K.D. Irwin, N. Jarosik, M.R. Nolta, L.A. Page, L.P. Parker, S. Raghunathan, J.L. Sievers, S.M. Simon, S.T. Staggs, K. Visnjic, Modulation of cosmic microwave background polarization with a warm rapidly rotating half-wave plate on the atacama b-mode search instrument. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85(2), 024501 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Takakura, M. Aguilar, Y. Akiba, K. Arnold, C. Baccigalupi, D. Barron, S. Beckman, D. Boettger, J. Borrill, S. Chapman, Y. Chinone, A. Cukierman, A. Ducout, T. Elleflot, J. Errard, G. Fabbian, T. Fujino, N. Galitzki, N. Goeckner-Wald, N.W. Halverson, M. Hasegawa, K. Hattori, M. Hazumi, C. Hill, L. Howe, Y. Inoue, A.H. Jaffe, O. Jeong, D. Kaneko, N. Katayama, B. Keating, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, N. Krachmalnicoff, A. Kusaka, A.T. Lee, D. Leon, L. Lowry, F. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, M. Navaroli, H. Nishino, H. Paar, J. Peloton, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, C.L. Reichardt, C. Ross, P. Siritanasak, A. Suzuki, O. Tajima, S. Takatori, G. Teply, Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope. J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 2017(05), 008–008 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. J. Klein, A. Aboobaker, P. Ade, F. Aubin, C. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, J. Borrill, D. Chapman, J. Didier, M. Dobbs, B. Gold, W. Grainger, S. Hanany, J. Hubmayr, S. Hillbrand, J. Grain, A. Jaffe, B. Johnson, T. Jones, T. Kisner, A. Korotkov, S. Leach, A. Lee, L. Levinson, M. Limon, K. MacDermid, T. Matsumura, A. Miller, M. Milligan, E. Pascale, D. Polsgrove, N. Ponthieu, K. Raach, B. Reichborn-Kjennerud, I. Sagiv, R. Stompor, H. Tran, M. Tristram, G. S. Tucker, A. Yadav, M. Zaldarriaga, K. Zilic, A cryogenic half-wave plate polarimeter using a superconducting magnetic bearing. In Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments XIII, edited by J. B. Heaney, E. T. Kvamme, volume 8150, (International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2011) pp. 31 – 40

  13. J.W. Lamb, Miscellaneous data on materials for millimetre and submillimetre optics. Int. J. Infrared Millim. Waves 17(12), 12 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. S. Pancharatnam, Achromatic combinations of birefringent plates part I. an achromatic circular polarizer. Indian Acad. Sci. 41, 130–136 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. A.M. Aboobaker, P. Ade, D. Araujo, F. Aubin, C. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, D. Chapman, J. Didier, M. Dobbs, C. Geach, W. Grainger, S. Hanany, K. Helson, S. Hillbrand, J. Hubmayr, A. Jaffe, B. Johnson, T. Jones, J. Klein, A. Korotkov, A. Lee, L. Levinson, M. Limon, K. MacDermid, T. Matsumura, A.D. Miller, M. Milligan, K. Raach, B. Reichborn-Kjennerud, I. Sagiv, G. Savini, L. Spencer, C. Tucker, G.S. Tucker, B. Westbrook, K. Young, K. Zilic, The EBEX balloon-borne experiment-optics, receiver, and polarimetry. Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. 239(1), 7 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.A. Hill, A. Kusaka, P. Barton, B. Bixler, A.G. Droster, M. Flament, S. Ganjam, A. Jadbabaie, O. Jeong, A.T. Lee, A. Madurowicz, F.T. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, A. Rutkowski, Y. Sakurai, D.R. Sponseller, A. Suzuki, R. Tat, A large-diameter cryogenic rotation stage for half-wave plate polarization modulation on the polarbear-2 experiment. J. Low Temp. Phys. 193(5), 851–859 (2018)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. R.W. Klopfenstein, A transmission line taper of improved design. Proc. IRE 44(1), 31–35 (1956)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Matsumura, K. Young, Q. Wen, S. Hanany, H. Ishino, Y. Inoue, M. Hazumi, J. Koch, O. Suttman, V. Schütz, Millimeter-wave broadband antireflection coatings using laser ablation of subwavelength structures. Appl. Opt. 55(13), 3502–3509 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. V. Schütz, K. Young, T. Matsumura, S. Hanany, J. Koch, O. Suttmann, L. Overmeyer, Q. Wen, Laser processing of sub-wavelength structures on sapphire and alumina for millimeter wavelength broadband anti-reflection coatings. J. Laser Micro Nanoeng. 11, 204–209 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. K. Young, Q. Wen, S. Hanany, H. Imada, J. Koch, T. Matsumura, O. Suttmann, V. Schütz, Broadband millimeter-wave anti-reflection coatings on silicon using pyramidal sub-wavelength structures. J. Appl. Phys. 121(21), 6 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R. Takaku, S. Hanany, H. Imada, H. Ishino, N. Katayama, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, T. Matsumura, K. Mitsuda, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, Q. Wen, N.Y. Yamasaki, K. Young, J. Yumoto, Broadband, millimeter-wave anti-reflective structures on sapphire ablated with femto-second laser. J. Appl. Phys. 128(22), 225302 (2020)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Takaku, S. Hanany, Y. Hoshino, H. Imada, H. Ishino, N. Katayama, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, Makoto Kuwata Gonokami, Tomotake Matsumura, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Haruyuki Sakurai, Yuki Sakurai, Qi Wen, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Karl Young, and Junji Yumoto. Demonstration of anti-reflective structures over a large area for CMB polarization experiments, in Millimeter. ed. by J. Zmuidzinas, J.-R. Gao. Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X, volume 11453. (International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2020), pp.236–247

    Google Scholar 

  23. Q. Wen, E. Fadeeva, S. Hanany, J. Koch, T. Matsumura, R. Takaku, K. Young, Picosecond laser ablation of millimeter-wave subwavelength structures on alumina and sapphire. Opt. Laser Technol. 142, 107207 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Takaku, Q. Wen, S. Cray, M. Devlin, S. Dicker, S. Hanany, T. Hasebe, T. Iida, N. Katayama, K. Konishi, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, T. Matsumura, N. Mio, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, R. Yamada, J. Yumoto, Large diameter millimeter-wave low-pass filter made of alumina with laser ablated anti-reflection coating. Opt. Express 29(25), 41745–41765 (2021)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Takakura et al., Performance of a continuously rotating half-wave plate on the POLARBEAR telescope. JCAP 05, 008 (2017)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Didier, A.D. Miller, D. Araujo, F. Aubin, C. Geach, B. Johnson, A. Korotkov, K. Raach, B. Westbrook, K. Young, A.M. Aboobaker, P. Ade, C. Baccigalupi, C. Bao, D. Chapman, M. Dobbs, W. Grainger, S. Hanany, K. Helson, S. Hillbrand, J. Hubmayr, A. Jaffe, T.J. Jones, J. Klein, A. Lee, M. Limon, K. MacDermid, M. Milligan, E. Pascale, B. Reichborn-Kjennerud, I. Sagiv, C. Tucker, G.S. Tucker, K. Zilic, Intensity-coupled polarization in instruments with a continuously rotating half-wave plate. Astrophys. J. 876(1), 54 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Ghigna, T. Matsumura, Y. Sakurai, R. Takaku, K. Komatsu, S. Sugiyama, Y. Hoshino, N. Katayama. Modelling TES non-linearity induced by a rotating HWP in a CMB polarimeter. J. Low Temp. Phys. (2021). This special issue

  28. K. Komatsu, H. Ishino, H. Kataza, K. Konishi, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, N. Katayama, S. Sugiyama, T. Matsumura, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, R. Takaku, J. Yumoto, Demonstration of five-layer phase-flat achromatic half-wave plate with anti-reflective structures and superconducting magnetic bearing for CMB polarization experiments, in Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X, Vol. 11453. ed. by J. Zmuidzinas, J.-R. Gao (International Society for Optics and Photonics, SPIE, 2020), pp.779–794

    Google Scholar 

  29. M. Hazumi et al., Litebird: a satellite for the studies of b-mode polarization and inflation from cosmic background radiation detection. J. Low Temp. Phys. 194(5), 443–452 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. K. Komatsu, H. Ishino, N. Katayama, T. Matsumura, Y. Sakurai, Design of a frequency-independent optic axis Pancharatnam-based achromatic half-wave plate. J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. 7(3), 1–13 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. M.G. Moharam, E.B. Grann, D.A. Pommet, T.K. Gaylord, Formulation for stable and efficient implementation of the rigorous coupled-wave analysis of binary gratings. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12(5), 1068–1076 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Bräuer, O. Bryngdahl, Design of antireflection gratings with approximate and rigorous methods. Appl. Opt. 33(34), 7875–7882 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. E.B. Grann, M.G. Moharam, D.A. Pommet, Optimal design for antireflective tapered two-dimensional subwavelength grating structures. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12(2), 333–339 (1995)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. B. R. Johnson. Maxipol: a bolometric, balloon-borne experiment for measuring the polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota, (2004)

  35. K. Komatsu, T. Matsumura, H. Imada, H. Ishino, N. Katayama, Y. Sakurai, Demonstration of the broadband half-wave plate using the nine-layer sapphire for the cosmic microwave background polarization experiment. J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst. 5(4), 1–14 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. T. Essinger-Hileman, A. Kusaka, J.W. Appel, S.K. Choi, K. Crowley, S.P. Ho, N. Jarosik, L.A. Page, L.P. Parker, S. Raghunathan, S.M. Simon, S.T. Staggs, K. Visnjic, Systematic effects from an ambient-temperature, continuously rotating half-wave plate. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87(9), 094503 (2016)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan for support through Kavli IPMU. This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP17H01125, 19K14732, 18J20148, 18KK0083, and JSPS Core-to-Core Program, A. Advanced Research Networks. This work was also supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) project “Development of advanced laser processing with intelligence based on high-brightness and high efficiency laser technologies” by Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI), Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), “Photonics and Quantum Technology for Society 5.0” and by the Center of Innovation Program, from Japan Science and Technology Agency, JST. LiteBIRD (phase A) activities are supported by the following funding sources: ISAS/JAXA, MEXT, JSPS, KEK (Japan); CSA (Canada); CNES, CNRS, CEA (France); DFG (Germany); ASI, INFN, INAF (Italy); RCN (Norway); AEI (Spain); SNSA, SRC (Sweden); NASA, DOE (USA).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    R. Takaku & M. Kuwata-Gonokami

  2. Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan

    T. Ghigna, N. Katayama, T. Matsumura & Y. Sakurai

  3. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 115 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    S. Hanany & Q. Wen

  4. Saitama University, 255 Shimookubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan

    Y. Hoshino

  5. Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan

    H. Ishino & K. Komatsu

  6. Institute for Photon Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan

    K. Konishi, M. Kuwata-Gonokami & J. Yumoto

  7. Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8583, Japan

    H. Sakurai

  8. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara City, Kanagawa, 252-5210, Japan

    N. Y. Yamasaki

Authors
  1. R. Takaku
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Ghigna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Hanany
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Y. Hoshino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. H. Ishino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. N. Katayama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. K. Komatsu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. K. Konishi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. M. Kuwata-Gonokami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. T. Matsumura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. H. Sakurai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Y. Sakurai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Q. Wen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. N. Y. Yamasaki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. J. Yumoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Consortia

for the LiteBIRD collaboration

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Takaku.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Takaku, R., Ghigna, T., Hanany, S. et al. Performance of a 200 mm Diameter Achromatic HWP with Laser-Ablated Sub-Wavelength Structures. J Low Temp Phys 211, 346–356 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02922-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02922-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation