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HUBS: Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor

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Abstract

Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor (HUBS) is proposed in China as a major X-ray mission for the next decade. It is designed to be highly focused scientifically, with two primary objectives: (1) detecting X-ray emission from hot baryons in intergalactic medium and circumgalactic medium (CGM), and characterizing their physical and chemical properties; (2) studying, based on the observations, the accretion and feedback processes that are thought to be highly relevant to the heating and chemical enrichment of the baryons in the CGM. Because of very low densities, the signal is expected to be very weak and thus technically difficult to detect. On the other hand, the spectrum of the emission is expected to be line rich, so it would be effective for detecting the hot baryons in bright emission lines. For that, an instrument with high spectral resolution, large effective area and large field of view (FoV) would be required. HUBS will couple a TES-based X-ray imaging spectrometer to a large FoV X-ray telescope to satisfy these requirements. A preliminary design of HUBS is presented.

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Notes

  1. https://www.tng-project.org.

  2. Based on information at: https://www.the-athena-x-ray-observatory.eu/resources/gallery/x-ifu.html.

  3. HUBS web site: https://hubs.phys.tsinghua.edu.cn/en/.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to acknowledge useful discussions with Joel Bregman, Taotao Fang, Jan-Willem den Herder, Li Ji, Dan McCammon, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Houjun Mo, Joop Shaye, Aurora Simionescu, Daniel Wang, Dandan Xu, and many members of the HUBS SWGs. The early study and development of HUBS is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences through Grant XDA15010400. WC wishes to acknowledge additional support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grants 11927805 and 11821303, and from the National Key R&D Program of China through Grant 2018YFA0404502.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    W. Cui, H. Jin & G.-L. Wang

  2. Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100090, China

    L.-B. Chen & J.-J. Wang

  3. Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China

    B. Gao & Z. Wang

  4. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200030, China

    F.-L. Guo & F. Yuan

  5. National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    L. Wang

  6. Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology, Shanghai, 201109, China

    W. Wang & W. Zhang

  7. School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China

    Z.-S. Wang

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  1. W. Cui
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  2. L.-B. Chen
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  7. L. Wang
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  10. Z.-S. Wang
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Correspondence to W. Cui.

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Cui, W., Chen, LB., Gao, B. et al. HUBS: Hot Universe Baryon Surveyor. J Low Temp Phys 199, 502–509 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-019-02279-3

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