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Solid \(^4\)He: Progress, Status, and Outlook for Mass Flux Measurements

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Abstract

After a brief introduction, what is provided there is brief summary of work with solid \(^4\)He done at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and an outlook for future work. What is presented here is based on a presentation made at the Quantum Gases Fluids and Solids Workshop in Sao Paulo, Brazil in August of 2014. Our work with solid \(^4\)He is aimed at the question: Can a sample cell filled with solid \(^4\)He support a mass flux through the cell? The answer, as will be shown here, is yes. Evidence for this from several types of experiments will be reviewed. There will be an emphasis on more recent work, work that explores how the flux observed depends on temperature and on the \(^3\)He impurity level. The behavior observed suggests that solid \(^4\)He may be an example of a material that demonstrates Bosonic Luttinger liquid behavior. The normalized \(^4\)He flux has a universal temperature dependence. The presence of \(^3\)He at different impurity levels shows that the \(^3\)He blocks the flux at a characteristic temperature. The behavior appears to be consistent with the cores of dislocations as the entity that carries the flux, but it is clear that more work needs to be done to fully understand solid \(^4\)He.

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Acknowledgments

I am indebted to my two most recent collaborators, first Michael Ray and at this writing Yegor Vekhov, who have carried out most of the measurements on solid helium made at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and with whom I have co-authored the original reports of our work on solid \(^4\)He. I also thank my theoretical colleagues W. Mullin, N. Prokofev and B. Svistunov for many stimulating and illuminating discussions over the course of our work. I have also had many helpful conversations with many others over the course of this work, including D. Aleinikava, S. Balibar, J. Beamish, M.C.W. Chan, E. Kim, H. Kojima, A. Kuklov, J. Machta, and J.D. Reppy. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through National Science Foundation Grant DMR 08-55954, and more recently Grant DMR 12-05217. We have also benefitted from support from Research Trust Funds provided by the University.

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  1. Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA

    R. B. Hallock

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Correspondence to R. B. Hallock.

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Hallock, R.B. Solid \(^4\)He: Progress, Status, and Outlook for Mass Flux Measurements. J Low Temp Phys 180, 6–19 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-015-1275-0

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